Citrus greening (Huanglongbing [HLB]) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. The causal agent of HLB in Florida is thought to be 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'. Understanding of the early events in HLB infection is critical for the development of effective measures to control the disease. In this work, we conducted cytopathological studies by following the development...

In Puerto Rico, Huanglongbing (HLB), detected in 2009, continues to produce losses orchards across the island. Efforts clean propagation materials and select different combinations of scions rootstocks mitigate disease have been a priority. 2016, an experiment was established Isabela Coto clay series soils at 120 m assess ‘Mexican’ lime, ‘Fina’ clementine mandarin, ‘Campbell’ Valencia orange gr...

Heat treatment has been applied in previous studies to treat diseased plants and trees affected by heat-sensitive pathogens. Huanglongbing (HLB) is a pathogen the optimal temperature–time for treating HLB-affected citrus was estimated be 54 °C 60 120 s from indoor experimental studies. However, utilizing this method orchards difficult due technical difficulties effectively apply heat. Recently,...

Florida citrus production has declined by more than 70% because of Huanglongbing (HLB), and a major cause tree decline is nutrient uptake limitations caused HLB. This study was conducted on 6–9-year-old “Valencia” sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] Swingle rootstock in the central southwest to evaluate effects macronutrient fertilization foliar application Mn Fe growth yield HLB-affecte...

Relationship between the HLB value of oil and emulsion stabilization is studied. When emulsification system was close to that oil, exhibited best stability.

Formation and stability of n-undecane in water nanoemulsions prepared by EIP method (Emulsion Inversion Point) in the presence of two nonionic surfactants were studied. In the study, the influences of surfactant concentration, HLB value and oil–to–water ratio on the particle size and distribution were investigated. The stability of emulsions was evaluated from changes in particle size distribut...

Over the last decade, the plant disease huanglongbing (HLB) has emerged as a primary threat to citrus production worldwide. HLB is associated with infection by phloem-limited bacteria ('Candidatus Liberibacter' spp.) that are transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Transmission efficiency varies with vector-related aspects (e.g., developmental stage and feeding periods) but t...

Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease is an extremely dangerous infection which has severely influenced the citrus industry in Florida. It was also recently found in California and Texas. There is no effective cure for this disease reported yet. The infected trees should be identified and removed immediately to prevent the disease from being spread to other trees. The visual leaf sympt...