A revision of the Alticini genera from the Afrotropical region is reported. The paper includes the following for the flea beetle fauna occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: a key to their identification; habitus photos of all the genera; microscope and scanning electron micrographs of many diagnostic morphological characters; and an updated annotated catalogue with biogeographical not...

The understanding of the distribution and population structure various species in marine environment is very helpful to effectual resource management conservation. This study aimed assess ecological factors relating sea cucumber populations on rocky shores Persian Gulf. Population two were investigated along 6 intertidal sites, including Deylam, Bushehr, Dayer, Nayband, Bostaneh, Lengeh Bushehr...

Immunostimulant is a substance that can stimulate the immune system against pathogenic microbes. Natural products produced by sea cucumbers have potential to be developed as immunostimulants. This study was aimed evaluate imunostimulatory activity of Holothuria atra extract using phagocytocyte assay macrophage cells and differentiation leukocyte in rats. The samples H. were taken from Halmahera...

The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an endangered species. In this study, nine new polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and tested in 30 individuals. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 5, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.1200 to 0.7391 and from 0.2408 to 0.5983, respectively. No loci significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium af-ter a ...

A nomenclatural revision of fifteen taxa of Xyris (Xyridaceae) described by L.A. Nilsson (1892) is presented as part of a taxonomic revision of the genus in Brazil. All the protologues and type collections of these taxa were studied. The type collections were examined in the respective herbarium collections where they are preserved and complemented by images available on herbarium websites and ...