Recently collected material from Australia, Japan and Guam allowed us to revise Phyrella and describe Phyrella mookiei sp. nov. We redefine the genus based on combined morphological and molecular analyses. Phyrella unlike most dendrochirotids eviscerate posteriorly. The number of tentacles is variable (14-20), as is the degree of fragmentation of the calcareous ring, calling into question the s...

The case put by Alexey Smirnov in 2012 is accepted and the order name Synaptida Cuénot is adopted in place of Apodida Brandt. Two new Myriotrochidae Théel species from the continental slope of Australia are described: Prototrochus robbinsae sp. nov. and Prototrochus roniae sp. nov.  A key to the six Australasian species of Prototrochus Beljaev & Mironov and a distribution and depth map are prov...

Five species of Caudinidae occur in New Zealandwaters. Two new species are described: Paracaudina alta sp. nov.; Paracaudina reductia sp. nov. Two species reported previously are discussed: Paracaudina chilensis (Müller) and Paracaudina coriacea (Hutton). A lectotype has been established for P. coriacea (Hutton). Hedingia albicans var. glabra (Théel) is raised out of synonymy with Hedingia albi...

The Isostichopus fuscus fishery in Mexico was heavily exploited until 1994, when it was closed due to overfishing. However, no information existed on the status of the populations. The fishery was evaluated through an age structured simulation model, and according to our analysis of the stock, the fishery can be feasible and sustainable as long as fishing mortality and age of first catch are op...

High-value sea cucumber species are overexploited, and the focus of fishing has shifted to low-value species, e.g., Holothuria (Halodeima) atra. In this study, population H. atra was investigated in three different habitats: a seagrass habitat, seaweed bare sand, at an intertidal zone Lidee Island, Mu Ko Phetra National Park, Satun Province, Thailand. The habitat type predictor which had signif...

Sea pigs (Scotoplanes spp.) are deep-sea dwelling sea cucumbers of the phylum Echinodermata, class Holothuroidea, and order Elasipodida. Few reports available on microscopic anatomy these animals. This study describes histologic findings two, wild, male female Scotoplanes sp. collected from Monterey Bay, California. Microscopic were similar to other holothuroids, with a few notable exceptions. ...