This study investigated radiation dose variations in pre-clinical irradiation due to the photon beam energy and presence of tissue heterogeneity. Based on the same mouse computed tomography image dataset, three phantoms namely, heterogeneous, homogeneous and bone homogeneous were used. These phantoms were generated by overriding the relative electron density of no voxel (heterogeneous), all vox...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of photon dose calculations performed by the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm, in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media and in simulated treatment plans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Predicted dose distributions were compared with ionisation chamber and film measurements for a series of increasingly complex situations. Initially, simple and complex fi...

Yb-based magnets, with a perfect triangular lattice of pseudospin-$\frac{1}{2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ ions, have emerged as candidates for realizing quantum spin-liquid state, ${\mathrm{NaYbS}}_{2}$ being prominent example. Here, we present the solid-solution series ${\mathrm{NaYb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Lu}}_{x}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ well-defined single crystals over entir...

We report the results of a preclinical evaluation of recently introduced commercial tools for 3D patient IMRT/VMAT dose reconstruction, the Delta4 Anatomy calculation algorithm. Based on the same initial measurement, volumetric dose can be reconstructed in two ways. Three-dimensional dose on the Delta4 phantom can be obtained by renormalizing the planned dose distribution by the measurement val...

Here we describe methods for creating tissue-mimicking ultrasound phantoms based on patient anatomy using a soft material called gel wax. To recreate acoustically realistic tissue properties, two additives to gel wax were considered: paraffin wax to increase acoustic attenuation, and solid glass spheres to increase backscattering. The frequency dependence of ultrasound attenuation was well desc...

Precise control of doping in single nanowires (NWs) is essential for the development NW-based devices. Here, we investigate a series MBE-grown $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ NWs with $\mathrm{Be}$ ($p$-type) and $\mathrm{Si}$ ($n$-type) using high-resolution cathodoluminescence (CL) mapping at low room temperatures. CL spectra are analyzed selectively different regions NWs. Room-temperature luminesce...

PURPOSE Due to the high conformity of carbon ion therapy, unpredictable changes in the patient's geometry or deviations from the planned beam properties can result in changes of the dose distribution. PET has been used successfully to monitor the actual dose distribution in the patient. However, it suffers from biological washout processes and low detection efficiency. The purpose of this contr...

Mammography, using X-rays, is routinely utilized for screening of patients for prevention of breast cancer. Nevertheless, there is a small but significant risk of radiation induced carcinogenenesis associated with radiation exposure of the breast, being glandular tissue the most sensitive one among the tissues composing breast. Risk estimation in mammography may be determined by the mean absorb...

The consistency of the constraint with the evolution equations for spatially inhomogeneous and irrotational silent (SIIS) models of Petrov type I, demands that the former are preserved along the timelike congruence represented by the velocity of the dust fluid, leading to new non-trivial constraints. This fact has been used to conjecture that the resulting models correspond to the spatially hom...

A bstract bouncing scenario of a flat homogeneous and isotropic universe is explored by using the reconstruction technique for power-law parametrization Hubble parameter in modified gravity theory with higher-order curvature trace energy-momentum tensor terms. It demonstrated that criteria are satisfied so cosmological initial singularity can be avoided. In addition, it shown equation state cro...