Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy is used to help define active site structural responses of nanodisc-incorporated CYP3A4 to the binding of three substrates: bromocriptine (BC), erythromycin (ERY), and testosterone (TST). We demonstrate that nanodisc-incorporated assemblies reveal much more well-defined active site RR spectroscopic responses as compared to those normally obtained with the conve...

Between the years 1964 and 1983, 59,226 blood samples with appropriate blood-alcohol concentrations (BAC greater than 0.1 g/kg) were investigated at the Institute for Forensic Medicine at the University of Tübingen. These originated from 47,416 different "culprits", of whom 38,851 (81.9%) were first offenders and 8,565 (18.1%) multiple offenders. The total number of crimes committed by the latt...

The haemoglobin (Hb) of the extinct woolly mammoth has been recreated using recombinant genes expressed in Escherichia coli. The globin gene sequences were previously determined using DNA recovered from frozen cadavers. Although highly similar to the Hb of existing elephants, the woolly mammoth protein shows rather different responses to chloride ions and temperature. In particular, the heat of...

Hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all the kingdoms of living organisms. Its distribution is episodic among the nonvertebrate groups in contrast to vertebrates. Nonvertebrate Hbs range from single-chain globins found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and plants to large, multisubunit, multidomain Hbs found in nematodes, molluscs and crustaceans, and the giant annelid and vestimentiferan Hbs comprised of glo...

The kinetics of pyruvate kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in assays at pH 6.2 where the relationships between the initial velocities of the catalysed reaction and the concentrations of the substrates ADP, phosphoenolpyruvate and Mg2+ are non-hyperbolic. The findings were represented empirically by the exponential model for a regulatory enzyme. The analysis shows that ADP, phosp...

Glucokinase (GCK) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glucose catabolism in the pancreas, where it functions as the body's principal glucose sensor. GCK dysfunction leads to several potentially fatal diseases including maturity-onset diabetes of the young type II (MODY-II) and persistent hypoglycemic hyperinsulinemia of infancy (PHHI). GCK maintains glucose homeostasis by displaying a sigmoidal...