Background: Olecranon fractures are common upper limb fracture accounting for 40% of the around elbow. Anatomic reduction and restoration joint surface is required good outcome to prevent post-traumatic arthritis. This study was directed towards functional results complications surgical management olecranon treated with hook plate fixation tension band wiring. Methods: prospective comparative d...

The flagellar hook of Salmonella is a filamentous polymer made up of subunits of the protein FlgE. Hook assembly is terminated when the length reaches about 55 nm. After our recent study of the effect of cellular levels of the hook length control protein FliK, we have now analyzed the effect of cellular levels of FlgE itself. When FlgE was overproduced in a wild-type strain, a fliC (flagellin) ...

Arabidopsis seedlings develop a hook-like structure at the apical part of the hypocotyl when grown in darkness. Differential cell growth processes result in the curved hypocotyl hook. Time-dependent analyses of the hypocotyl showed that the apical hook is formed during an early phase of seedling growth and is maintained in a sequential phase by a distinct process. Based on developmental genetic...

Transmembrane ligands can be internalized across cell boundaries into receptor-expressing cells. In the developing Drosophila eye imaginal disc, the bride of sevenless transmembrane protein (boss) is expressed on the surface of R8 cells. After internalization into neighboring R7 cells, the boss protein accumulates in multivesicular bodies. In a search for genes that affect this cell-type-specif...

AT-rich DNA, and the proteins that bind it (AT-hook proteins), modulate chromosome structure and function in most eukaryotes. Unlike other trypanosomatids, the genome of Leishmania species is unusually GC-rich, and the regulation of Leishmania chromosome structure, replication, partitioning is not fully understood. Because AT-hook proteins modulate these functions in other eukaryotes, we examin...

An outstanding square slot element, for x-band wireless applications with asymmetric coplanar waveguide fed (CPW) is proposed. Various shapes of metallic strips are utilized as grounded stubs for providing Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) functionality and wide-band properties. By adjusting the proposed stubs and hook-shaped radiator, length and positions, wider impedance band width is o...