BACKGROUND The active ingredients and thus pharmacological efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) at different degrees of parching process vary greatly. OBJECTIVE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to develop a new method for rapid online analysis of TCM parching process, using two kinds of chemical indicators (5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural [5-HMF] content and 420 nm absorbance) a...

Climate change, human population growth, health and food security, safety, sovereignty all demand that the role of biodiversity in plant breeding be revisited. From a biological standpoint, it is possible populations diverse plants developed by evolutionary will able to handle majority these major issues. Water stress soil nutrient deficiency may have negative impact on wheat (Triticum spp.) ba...

Rhynchosporium consists of two species, R. secalis and R. orthosporum. Both are pathogens of grasses with R. secalis infecting a variety of Poaceae hosts and R. orthosporum infecting Dactylis glomerata. Phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data on R. secalis isolates originating from cultivated barley, rye, triticale and other grasses, including Agropyron spp., Bromus diandrus and H...

The weed seed bank of a long-term tillage study in subarctic Alaska was studied at the end of 10 years of continuous spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Tillage treatments were: no-till, disked once (spring), disked twice (spring and fall), and chisel plow (fall). Soil cores were obtained from each tillage treatment and seeds were manually separated from soil after washing through sieves. Tilla...

Na(+)/H(+) exchange activity in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv CM-72) root tonoplast was induced by Na(+) even in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis. Induction occurred with a half-time of only 15 minutes. When salt-treated roots were transferred to a nutrient solution containing no Na(+), the activity disappeared with a similar time course. The data suggest that Na(+)/H(+) exchange wa...

scale insect specimens collected on hordeum sp. (poaceae), dated 24. v. 2003 in khorram abad, lorestan province were identified as exaeretopus tritici williams. this species, which the genus and species is newly recorded from iran, is related to e. harpazi ben-dov, differing mainly in the number of the stigmatic setae and extension of paraopercular pores.

Asexual Epichloë species are likely derived directly from sexual Epichloë species that then lost their capacity for sexual reproduction or lost sexual reproduction because of interspecific hybridization between distinct lineages of sexual Epichloë and/or asexual Epichloë species. In this study we isolated asexual Epichloë endophytes from Elymus species in western China and sequenced intron-rich...

the purpose of research was analysis of innovation management in processing and complementary industriesof livestock products. the method of research was correlative descriptive. the statistical population of this study was all managers in processing and complementary industriesof livestock products of khouzestan province (n=486). the sampling method was stratified random sampling. the sample s...