The vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) have been suffering an increased acceptance for urban wind turbines integration in the future smart grid for decentralized generation (DG). The VAWT have several advantages over the more conventional horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT): the smaller number of components; low sound emissions; their insensitivity to fast changes in wind flow direction; a low...

A number of pathogens may be transmitted from parent to child at or before birth (vertically) or from one individual to another by contact (horizontally). A natural deterministic and non-spatial model, introduced by Lipsitch et al. [Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B 260 (1995) 321] shows that an epidemic is possible if the vertical transmission or the horizontal transmission is high enough. In cont...

This paper describes the development of a prototype knowledge discovery portal (KDP) for energy informatics. The research domain is Ireland which is increasingly challenged to achieve energy efficiency targets and to implement renewable energy systems (RES). The reasons for undertaken this research is to provide a mechanism to disseminate information on energy efficiency and renewable energy te...

Two ̄ights of the UKMeteorological Oce's Hercules aircraft through daytime frontal cirrus around Scotland have been analysed using wavelet analysis on the vertical velocity time-series from the horizontal runs. It is shown that wavelet analysis is a useful tool for analysing the turbulence data in cirrus clouds. It ®nds the largest scales involved in producing turbulence, as does Fourier analy...

We outline a method for extracting inertio-gravity wave parameters using the autospectra and cross spectra of the horizontal perturbation winds. In essence, we define a statistical hodograph for each spectral bin, thus combining the advantages of the rotary spectrum and hodograph methods. Furthermore, we include the effects of the background vertical shear in the parameter estimation equations,...

Estimates of the effective wind speed disturbances acting on a turbine are useful in a variety of control applications. A Kalman filter-based wind speed estimator is presented here for estimation of the effective hub-height wind speed as well as linear horizontal and vertical shear components. The wind speed estimator is evaluated using an aeroelastic simulator with the National Renewable Energ...

an extended octagonal ring (eor) transducer was designed and developed to measure forces inside the compression chamber of a large square baler in different directions. the transducer was calibrated by applying forces in three directions simultaneously and independently. the sensor revealed excellent linearity along with small cross sensitivities. horizontal and vertical primary sensitivities o...

Several studies show that the Low-Frequency Noise (LFN) of wind turbines could have harmful effects on human health even when it is infrasound. In traditional classifications, the LFN of upwind turbines is referred only to steady thickness and steady loading sources, and the effect of vortices is considered negligible. In this study, the LFN of a horizontal axis wind turbine is simulated in win...

This paper analyses the impact of sanctions against Iran in addition to other country-specific determinants on intra-industry trade between Iran and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) countries over the period 1997-2013. By disentangling total intra-industry trade (IIT) into horizontal and vertical IIT and after investigating bilateral trade pattern between Iran and SCO countries, determin...