Given a planar graph G(V,E) and a partition of the neighbors of each vertex v ∈ V in four sets ↗ v, ↖ v, ↙ v, and ↘ v, the problem WINDROSE PLANARITY asks to decide whether G admits a windrose-planar drawing, that is, a planar drawing in which (i) each neighbor u ∈ ↗ v is above and to the right of v, (ii) each neighbor u ∈ ↖ v is above and to the left of v, (iii) each neighbor u ∈ ↙ v is below ...

fabrication or implant placement in a prosthetically ideal position.1 Alveolar ridge defects that result from trauma, tooth extraction, or periodontal diseases often require periodontal-surgical correction before prosthetic treatment. Especially, in the esthetically important anterior arch segments, any surgical endeavor will require implants (osseous buildup) or fixed bridge constructions (sof...

Previous hemodynamic studies of patients with septal defects, or patent ductus arteriosus, have been made with the patient recumbent in the horizontal posture. Our studies indicate unexpected changes in pulmonary blood flow with the upright posture, and often further increments in flow during walking that are different from those reported for exercise in recumbency. It is suggested that such de...

We consider electron transport in a planar fermion model containing various types of line defects modeled by δ-function pseudopotentials with different matrix coefficients. After determining the necessary boundary conditions, the transmission probability for electron transport through the defect line is obtained for various types of pseudopotentials. For the schematic model considered, which ma...

This article reviews in situ mechanical testing of crystalline nanowires in scanning and transmission electron microscopes, focusing on bottom–up synthesized, single-crystalline nanowires. Major experimental methods including resonance, bending, tension and buckling are summarized. In addition to commonly encountered experimental issues, deformation mechanisms learned from the in situ nanomecha...

An experimental and theoretical study of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) confined in cylinders with degenerate planar boundary conditions elucidates LCLC director configurations. When the Frank saddle-splay modulus is more than twice the twist modulus, the ground state adopts an inhomogeneous escaped-twisted configuration. Analysis of the configuration yields a large saddle-splay mo...