BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with subtypes that may vary in their etiologies. Menopausal hormone therapy has been associated more strongly with lobular and tubular than ductal histologic types and with tumors that are smaller, hormone receptor-positive, and of lower grade. At the same time, correlations have been observed between histology and clinical characteristics. To...

The reasons for hormone therapy use have changed dramatically over time from being very popular for the purpose of preserving youth in women to menopause-related symptom management, disease prevention, and now back to menopause-related symptom management. Over time, several important risks associated with the use of hormone therapy have become evident, causing dramatic reductions in the use of ...

pathological hormone secretion, the clinical presentation is determined by localization of tumor. Common symptoms include headache and visual field defects. This review addresses pathology aspects diagnosis, conservative treatment, methods radiation therapy. Drug therapy endocrine-inactive adenomas based on presence receptors for somatostatin dopamine in pituitary adenoma cells. Data stereotact...

. Cardiovascular disease is the number-one killer of women in the Western world. . The public, and many physicians, have a very low awareness of the relevance of cardiovascular disease to menopausal women. . The public and many physicians are concerned that menopausal treatments (particularly hormonal therapies) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, despite recent evidence showing that, ...

The presence of a 'low T3 syndrome' in the setting of nonthyroidal illness has long been recognized as the 'euthyroid sick syndrome', with the recommendation to observe and not treat with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. That approach has recently been challenged in the setting of critical cardiac illness. Research demonstrating that thyroid hormone therapy may improve hemodynamic parameter...

There is evidence that postmenopausal women who take hormone replacement therapy develop biochemical hypercoagulability, expressed by increased activity of coagulation enzymes. Such effects are observed whether estrogen is given alone or in combination with progestogens, orally or transdermally. Two recent randomized, double-blind clinical trials have shown that hormone replacement therapy lead...