Target antigens defined by autoantibodies in IDDM include insulin, a putative glycolipid that reacts with islet cell antibodies, and a 64,000-M(r) protein recently identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase. In addition, some IDDM sera that contain antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase also coprecipitate a 38,000-M(r) protein from islets. This study used a high titer anti-38,000-M(r) serum t...

Recently, 65-kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65) antibodies (GADA) have been introduced as autoimmune markers in blood to confirm the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this study, to evaluate two new assays that use 125I-labeled GAD 65, we assayed samples from 100 children with recent onset of diabetes and 100 control children, the results were compared with those...

Background: Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from a cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas. We designed this study to determine the prevalence of autoantibodies among Saudis patients with T1DM. Methods: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), antibodies to Islet cell (ICA) and Insulin (IAA) were measured in 171 Saudis patients with T1DM. Results: T...

OBJECTIVE Islet autoimmunity has long been recognized in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and is becoming increasingly acknowledged as a component in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Islet reactive T cells and autoantibodies have been demonstrated in type 1 diabetes, whereas islet autoimmunity in type 2 diabetes has been limited to islet autoantibodies. In this study, we investigated whe...

The aim of this study was to better understand the frequency of autoimmune thyroid and diabetes antibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared with their siblings. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and thyroid autoantibodies were studied in all subjects. The rates of positive GADA and IAA were signific...

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) are considered to be essential for beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. However, few islet-associated peptides have been demonstrated to activate autoreactive CTLs from type 1 diabetic subjects. In an effort to identify novel epitopes, we used matrix-assisted algorithms to predict peptides of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), prepro-islet amyloid polype...

against islet cell autoantigen (ICA). More than 90% of individuals with T1D test positive for at least one such autoantibody, and the presence of autoantibodies is used to identify the relatives of patients who are at increased risk of the disease [2-4]. Although genetic factors are strong determinants of the disease, more than 90% of individuals who present with newonset dia betes do not have ...

OBJECTIVES Among autoantibodies detected in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), antibodies to 64,000(Mr) islet protein(64k), now recognized as glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD), appear to be an even more predictive marker of IDDM than islet cytoplasmic antibody (ICA) or insulin autoantibody (IAA). We examined the relationships among 64k autoantibodies, pancreatic beta-cell ...

Apoptosis via Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interactions has been proposed to be a major T-cell-mediated effector mechanism in autoimmune diabetes. To elucidate the role of Fas/FasL interactions in NOD diabetes, the effects of neutralizing anti-FasL antibody on autoimmune responses were evaluated. Islet-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cells expressed FasL upon activation and mediated FasL-dependent cytoto...