The composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is a very useful parameter to understand several properties of creams and anhydrous milk fat products such as nutritional value, technological applications, and textural properties. In this paper, the molecular species of TAGs of equine milk were identified using a combination of nonaqueous reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, electro...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the energy content in fresh and processed human milk administered to very low birth weight infants born in the Institute Fernandes Figueira. METHODS Samples of 0.5 ml of fresh and processed human milk were evaluated as for the fat percentile and energy content, which was calculated by mathematical formulas. Four hundred and sixty two human milk samples were a...

Maternal nutrition has little or no effect on many nutrients in human milk; for others, human milk may not be designed as a primary nutritional source for the infant; and for a few, maternal nutrition can lead to substantial variations in human milk quality. Human milk fatty acids are among the nutrients that show extreme sensitivity to maternal nutrition and are implicated in neurological deve...

The existence in some women of a virus that is related to the mouse mammary tumor virus is evidenced by the following. Type B particles are occasionally found in human milk. A complication is the fact that most human milks destroy or damage the murine, mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) and its RNA-directed DNA polymerase (RDDP) when the mouse virus is added to the human milk. Human milk presumably ha...

Human and bovine milk differ substantially in the ratio of whey to casein protein ( 60:40 in human milk and 20:80 in bovine milk) and in the proportions of specific proteins. Although current infant formulas closely mimic the ratio of total whey to casein in human milk, the concentration of -lactalbumin (the dominant protein in human milk) is relatively low in formula, whereas -lactoglobulin, a...

Substantial losses of nutrients may occur during tube (gavage) feeding of fortified human milk. Our objective was to compare the losses of key macronutrients and minerals based on method of fortification and gavage feeding method. We used clinically available gavage feeding systems and measured pre- and post-feeding (end-point) nutrient content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Phos), protein, and f...

Milk contains plenty of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components that probably account for the vital antioxidant protection of the infants at early stages of life against the development of complications induced by oxygen free radicals. Indigenous milk enzymes play a key role in regulating lactogenesis, including active involution of mammary gland. Moreover, they are essential constit...

Human milk oligosaccharides are complex sugars that function as selective growth substrates for specific beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal system. Bovine milk is a potentially excellent source of commercially viable analogs of these unique molecules. However, bovine milk has a much lower concentration of these oligosaccharides than human milk, and the majority of the molecules are sim...

The absorption of macromolecules was analysed by measuring serum concentrations of human alpha-lactalbumin after feeding human milk, using a competitive radioimmunoassay. The control group consisted of 78 children fed by cows' milk formula; concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin in their serum were low. The median concentrations in the different age groups varied between 7-13 micrograms alpha-lact...