Introduction: Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects movement control system of the brain. HD symptoms lead to patient’s gait change and influence stride time intervals. In this study, we present a grey box mathematical model to simulate HDdisorders. This model contains main physiological findings about BG. Methods: We used artificial n...

To explain the strategic plan to achieve a new Islamic civilization in its various fields and dimensions, a general and scientific structure must be exploited which in accordance with facts of existence from the universe and of human being. This research believes that this general structure along with its entire steps, resources and the foundations of every single one of those steps has bee...

The social and intellectual movement known as transhumanism questions the figure of ‘human’ at centre humanism modern political formations. As part a broader ‘posthuman turn’ it is frequently associated with technological enhancements that redefine human bodies their limits. However, core argument has to do mind or consciousness. Transhumanists suggest reducible not only its biochemical substra...

Despite extensive research, the functions of the basal ganglia (BG) in movement control have not been fully understood. Eye movements, particularly saccades, are convenient indicators of BG function. Here, we review the main oculomotor findings reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) and genetic parkinsonian syndromes. PD is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder caused by dopaminergic cell los...

Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as an “umbrella term covering a group of non-progressive, but often changing, motor impairment syndromes secondary to lesions or anomalies of the brain arising in the early stages of its development” [1]. Despite the lack of consensus on a definition of CP, three elements are recurring: (i) brain lesion, (ii) onset at birth or early child years, and (iii) impaired...

This paper aims to investigate a new and intricate behavior of immediate follower during the lane change of leader vehicle. Accordingly, the mentioned situation is a transient state in car following behavior during which the follower vehicle considerably deviates from conventional car following models for a limited time, which is a complex state including lateral and longitudinal movement simul...

pompe disease, also termed glycogen storage disease type ii or acid maltase deficiency, caused by deficient activity of acid alpha-glucosidase (gaa), the glycogen degrading lysosomal enzyme. as a result, massive lysosomal glycogen deposits in the numerous organs including the muscles. in pompe disease weakness of truncal muscles is a prominent presentation which results in respiratory failure a...