All living cells are surrounded by a thin, approximately 40 Å thick lipid bilayer called the cell membrane. The cell membrane holds the contents of a cell in one place so that the chemistry of life can occur, but it is a barrier to the movement of certain essential ingredients including the ions Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl-. The barrier to ion flow across the membrane – known as the dielectric barrier...

restudied Huxley's measurements of Uca pugnax and presented not only a two-parameter power function but also a three-parameter power function; this three-parameter model 'is better than the two-parameter model for describing the observations'. The two-parameter model has a biological meaning, as explained by Huxley (Huxley, 1924); the three-parameter model has no biological meaning. I have show...

have been unable to depict satisfactorily his multi-sided and often contradictory personality. Professor Paradis' study attempts a reconstruction of Huxley's intellectual biography within the context of "Victorian culture". Therefore his book does not deal with the "internal" minutiae of Huxley's scientific work, but endeavours to outline his views of the relations involving science, philosophy...

My aim in this paper is to consider developments in the anthropology of consciousness from a long-term perspective. It may therefore be helpful to look back some thirty years and consider the state of affairs at that time. Of course, there wasn't anything called the "Anthropology of Consciousness." Psychologists had long ago given the whole notion of consciousness a bad name and put its study b...

The gating polarizational currents were computed on the basis of the dipole moment changes occurring in nerve membrane ionic channel subunits. Membrane thickness and surface density of channels were the only parameters used in addition to the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The gating currents computed for membrane potentials where the Hodgkin-Huxley empirical formulae are reliable were found to be in go...