Flip buckets are terminal spillway elements, generating free jets for energy dissipation. Deflectors are an alternative to flip buckets with constructional ease yet of similar hydraulic features. A first experimental study published at the 33 IAHR Congress, Vancouver, investigated deflectorgenerated jets in terms of their air concentration characteristics. For jet impact onto a movable bed, the...

in the present paper, the idea of braking energy regeneration and reusing that energy during acceleration for a refuse truck is comprehended. according to their driving cycle, the refuse trucks have a good potential for braking energy regeneration. on the other hand, hydraulic hybrid is a powertrain with high power density which is appropriate for energy regeneration. in the primary stage of th...

The great medieval settlement of Angkor in Cambodia [9th-16th centuries Common Era (CE)] has for many years been understood as a "hydraulic city," an urban complex defined, sustained, and ultimately overwhelmed by a complex water management network. Since the 1980s that view has been disputed, but the debate has remained unresolved because of insufficient data on the landscape beyond the great ...

The integration of propulsion and airframe is fundamental to the design of an aircraft system. Many considerations influence the integration, such as structural, aerodynamic, and maintenance factors. In regard to the acoustics of an aircraft, the integration can have significant effects on the net radiated noise. Whether an engine is mounted above a wing or below can have a significant effect o...

A pump-jet propulsion system is composed of rotor, stator, and duct. The stator has the front type rear type; conduit also acceleration deceleration two forms. It difficult to design evaluate performance a because its complex structure many changes in component parameters. Due limitation time cost process system, it find optimal scheme space. However, under guidance an optimization algorithm, a...

Cephalopods, among other marine animals, use jet propulsion for swimming. A simple actuator is designed to loosely mimic pulsatile jet formation in squid and jellyfish. The actuator is comprised of a cavity with an oscillating diaphragm and an exit orifice. Periodic oscillation of the diaphragm results in the formation of an array of vortex rings and eventually could generate a periodic pulsati...

A series hydraulic hybrid concept (SHHV) has been explored as a potential pathway to an ultra-efficient city vehicle. Intended markets would be congested metropolitan areas, particularly in developing countries. The target fuel economy was ~100 mpg or 2.4 l/100km in city driving. Such an ambitious target requires multiple measures, i.e. low mass, favorable aerodynamics and ultra-efficient power...

Benzene, naphthalene, and 1- and 2-naphthol were measured in urine samples obtained from 322 U.S. Air Force personnel categorized a priori as likely to have low, moderate, or high exposure to jet fuel [jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8)]. In postexposure samples, levels of these analytes in the high-exposure group were 3- to 29-fold greater than in the low-exposure group and 2- to 12-fold greater tha...