The construction of dimethylenebis(eicosyldimethylammonium bromide) surfactant-directed gold nanoparticles (NPs) has been accomplished via a one-pot thermal reduction of HAuCl4 with trisodium citrate. The effect of cationic twin-tail surfactants, dimethylenebis(hexadecyldimethylammonium bromide) (16-2-16), dimethylenebis(octadecyldimethylammonium bromide) (18-2-18) and dimethylenebis(eicosyldim...

The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis, juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), and larval sculpin (Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions representative of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the ice-free season. The toxicity of 3 water-accommodated fracti...

Ecotoxicology is primarily concerned with predicting the effects of toxic substances on the biological components of the ecosystem. In remote, high latitude environments such as Antarctica, where field work is logistically difficult and expensive, and where access to adequate numbers of soil invertebrates is limited and response times of biota are slow, appropriate modeling tools using microbia...

The capability of a cell bound biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus pentosus, to accelerate the bioremediation of a hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, was compared with a synthetic anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate SDS-). The biosurfactant produced by the bacteria was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that clearly indicates the presence of OH and NH groups, C=O...

Exoelectrogenic biofilms capable of extracellular electron transfer are important in advanced technologies such as those used in microbial electrochemical remediation systems (MERS) Few bacterial strains have been, nevertheless, obtained from MERS exoelectrogenic biofilms and characterized for bioremediation potential. Here we report the identification of one such bacterial strain, Citrobacter ...

We investigated the alteration of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in response to oil effluent in freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. The prawns were exposed to two sublethal (10% [0.91 ppt] and 25% [2.3 ppt] of 5-day median lethal concentration) concentrations of oil. After 30 days, treated prawns were transferred into untreated freshwater and d...

This study provides an insight into the micellar aggregation properties in aqueous solutions of various gemini surfactants bearing one or more amide groups at the side chains and/or in the spacer by conductivity and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies. The amide functionality was found to enhance the surfactant aggregation properties as compared to the surfactants having no amide bond...

Treatment of pregnant rats with as little as 0.5 mg of BP per kg p.o. for 3 days stimulated the metabolism of the hydrocarbon by maternal liver and placenta, while a 20-fold higher dose of this hydrocarbon was necessary for stimulation of BP hydroxylation in fetal liver. BP metabolism was increased in fetal and maternal liver microsomes after treatment of pregnant rats with 3-methylcholanthrene...

Although there are many studies on the Jurassic source rocks in northern margin of Qaidam Basin, characteristics biomarkers and products with same rock different evolutionary stages still not well understood. Such an understanding is essential for accurately estimating oil gas resources. In order to explore hydrocarbon-generation potential high-quality Middle evolution liquid hydrocarbons bioma...

The purpose of this study is the detection of lateral and vertical gradients of relative concentrations of compounds presented in oil. In addition, the detection allows us to assess potential drainage zones in a reservoir during the reservoir production by steam injection. In this paper, a new method for monitoring of steam chamber development in a 2D model was created and tested. The methodol...