BACKGROUND Inhalation of particulates is a leading cause of the development of lung diseases and current understanding of the complex relationship between lung metabolism and airborne particulates is incomplete. It is well established that mechanical load is important in the development of the lung and in lung cell differentiation. The interaction between particle exposure and physical forces o...

In animal experiments, the pathogenesis of lung hemorrhage due to exposure to clinical diagnostic levels of ultrasound has been attributed to an inertial cavitation mechanism. The purpose of this article is to report the results of two experiments that directly contradict the hypothesis that ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage is caused by inertial cavitation. Elevated hydrostatic pressure was u...

An important property of some metallic alloys, such as NiTi, for technological applications is their coupled thermomechanical shape memory behavior. This is due to temperature-dependent first-order displacive (martensitic) transformations in which their crystal structures transform between a higher symmetry cubic phase and lower symmetry phases (rhombohedral, tetragonal, orthorhombic, or monocl...

The thermodynamics of diffusion under hydrostatic pressure and nonhydrostatic stress is presented for single crystals free of extended defects. The thermodynamic relationships obtained permit the direct comparison of hydrostatic and biaxial stress experiments and of atomistic calculations under hydrostatic stress for any proposed mechanism. Atomistic calculations of the volume changes upon poin...

IFS Global non-hydrostatic simulations of mesoscale phenomena are possible with low computational cost with the “small planet” test bed available in the IFS at ECMWF. The dry non-hydrostatic dynamical core of ALADIN (Bubnova et al, 1995, Bénard et al. 2009) has been adapted to the IFS and a series of non-hydrostatic phenomena have been explored on a reduced-size sphere (Wedi and Smolarkiewicz, ...

The effect of the temperature and initial hydrostatic stress has been shown on the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a viscoelastic half-space. It has been explained how the velocity of Rayleigh waves depends not only on the parameters pertaining to the viscoelastic properties of the half-space, but on the temperature and the initial hydrostatic stress of the half-space also. The variations of t...

Invertebrates that use a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by contractile tissue (a hydrostatic skeleton) propel themselves efficiently underwater and penetrate regions inaccessible to legged or wheeled devices. A hydrostatic robot would therefore be invaluable for exploring marine environments. We have constructed a three-segment hydrostatic robot that locomotes underwater. Each segment consists ...

We are describing an arthroscopy tip, which is helpful in suspected/diagnosed cases of intra-articular haemangioma of the knee. Intra-articular haemangiomas of the knee are a rare but known condition. Arthroscopy or MRI can be used for diagnosis. Arthroscopy was performed in a case of haemangioma diagnosed on MRI performed for anterior knee pain. Appearances of the haemangioma were entirely dif...