We define the notion of radical in BCH-algebra and investigate the structure of [X; k], a viewpoint of radical in BCH-algebras. 1. Introduction. In 1966, Imai and Iséki [8] and Iséki [9] introduced two classes of abstract algebras: BCK-algebras and BCI-algebras. It is known that the class of BCK-algebras is a proper subclass of the class of BCI-algebras. In 1983, Hu and Li [5, 6] introduced a w...

Abstract The class of pseudo-M algebras contains pseudo-BCK, pseudo-BCI, pseudo-BCH, pseudo-BE, pseudo-CI and many other logic. In this paper, the notion deductive system in a algebra is introduced its elementary properties are investigated. Closed systems defined studied. homomorphic (closed) provided. concepts translation R-congruences It shown that there bijection between closed R-congruence...

We prove the following result concerning the inheritance of hyper-duality by block and quotient Bose-Mesner algebras associated with a hyper-dual pair of imprimitive Bose-Mesner algebras. Let M and M̃ denote Bose-Mesner algebras. Suppose there is a hyper-duality ψ from the subconstituent algebra of M with respect to p to the subconstituent algebra of M̃ with respect to p̃. Also suppose thatM is im...

Pseudo equality algebras were initially introduced by Jenei and Kóródi as a possible algebraic semantic for fuzzy type theory, and they have been revised by Dvurečenskij and Zahiri under the name of JK-algebras. In this paper we define and study the commutative pseudo equality algebras. We give a characterization of commutative pseudo equality algebras and we prove that an invariant pseudo equa...

In this paper, we define the Smarandache hyper BCC-algebra, and Smarandache hyper BCC-ideals of type 1, 2, 3 and 4. We state and prove some theorems in Smarandache hyper BCC-algebras, and then we determine the relationships between these hyper ideals. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The notion of pseudo-valuations (valuations) on a BCC-algebra is introduced by using the Buşneag’s model ([1–3]), and a pseudo-metric is induced by a pseudo-valuation on BCC-algebras. Conditions for a real-valued function to be an BCK-pseudo-valuation are provided. The fact that the binary operation in BCC-algebras is uniformly continuous is provided based on the notion of (pseudo) valuation.

We study the soft sets applied on the structure of filters of BCK-algebras. A connection between soft BCK-algebras and filteristic soft BCK-algebras is given also. Finally, important operations such as intersection, union, “AND”, “OR”, and subset operations of soft filters and filteristic soft BCK-algebras are investigated.

in this paper, given a poset $(x,leq)$, we introduce some  drifts on a groupoid $(x,*)$ with respect to $(x,leq)$, and we obtain several properties of these drifts related to the notion of $bin(x)$. we discuss some connections between fuzzy subalgebras and upward drifts.

It is known that commutative BCK-algebras form a variety, but BCK-algebras do not [4]. Therefore H. Yutani introduced the notion of quasicommutative BCK-algebras. In this article we first present the notion and general theory of quasi-commutative BCI-algebras. Then we discuss the reduction of the type of quasi-commutative BCK-algebras and some special classes of quasicommutative BCI-algebras.