Exercise training is an essential component of pulmonary rehabilitation and is associated with improved function and other important outcomes in persons with chronic lung disease. A subset of pulmonary rehabilitation patients experience hypoxemia that may occur or worsen with exercise. For the purpose of this review, severe exercise-induced hypoxemia is defined as an S(pO(2)) of < 89% during e...

Although exertional dyspnea and worsening hypoxia are hallmark clinical features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), no drug currently available could treat them. GBT1118 is a novel orally bioavailable small molecule that binds to hemoglobin and produces a concentration-dependent left shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve with subsequent increase in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity an...

In sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), vigilance impairment is typically associated with highly disrupted sleep, but recently, nocturnal hypoxemia has also been identified as a second pathogenetic factor in patients with a high degree of desaturation. However, although sleep disruption has been demonstrated to play a role in both the propensity to fall asleep and the capacity to stay awake, the role of...

In newborns and adults of a number of species, exposure to acute hypoxemia produces a "regulated" decrease in core temperature, the mechanism of which is unknown. The present experiments were carried out in chronically instrumented newborn (5-10 days of age; n = 59) and older (25-30 days of age; n = 61) guinea pigs to test the hypothesis that the endogenous opioids mediate this regulated decrea...

The volume and complexity of thoracic procedures performed with a thoracoscopic approach are steadily increasing. Surgical exposure is paramount for thoracoscopic procedures and requires meticulous lung isolation. In this review, the physiological adaptive mechanisms that occur during one-lung ventilation (OLV) are discussed. Factors that predict the occurrence of hypoxemia during OLV and a str...

PURPOSE Pulse oximetry is routinely used to continuously and non-invasively monitor arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). When oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter (SpO2) overestimates SaO2, hypoxemia may be overlooked. We compared the SpO2 - SaO2 differences among three pulse oximeters in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who spent their daily lives in a poor oxyg...

Introduction: Minimally invasive esophage-ctomy for esophageal cancer is the surgical treatment-of-choice, and comprises both thoracoscopy and laparoscopy. The risk of hypoxemia arises during one-lung ventilation in the thoracoscopy stage, especially for patients with reduced lung function, and thus poses significant threat to the surgical outcome. This case report aims to demonstrate one possi...

In neuromuscular diseases, respiratory disorder is related to sleep disorder. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, respiratory muscle disorder progresses and induces alveolar hypoventilation. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia develop, requiring appropriate management. Hypoxemia first appears during sleep, initially occurring during the REM period, and it progresses and becomes persistent. Not only a decreas...

This study was designed to test a hypothesis that patients with sleep apnea have higher blood pressure in the morning, following a night spent in apnea and hypoxemia, than in the evening. To accomplish this, we prospectively studied a set of 611 patients referred to our clinic because of suspicion of sleep apnea. All patients had full nocturnal polysomnography, including measurement of snoring....