Dimensionality reduction by feature extraction is commonly used to project high-dimensional data into a lowdimensional space. With the aim to create a visualization of data, only projections onto two dimensions are considered here. Self-organizing maps were chosen as the projection method, which enabled the use of the U*Matrix as an established method to visualize data as landscapes. Owing to t...

The relationship between urban land surface material fractions (ULSMFs) and brightness temperature has long attracted attention in research on urban environments. In this paper, a multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) method was applied to extract vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) fractions in each pixel, and the surface brightness temperature was derived by using the ra...

The objective of this study is to understand the effect of landslides on the drainage network within the area of interest. We thus test the potential of rivers to record the intensity of landslides that affected their courses. The study area is located within the Zagros orogenic belt along the border between Iraq and Iran. We identified 280 landslides through nine QuickBird scenes using visual ...

Introduction Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) is becoming an increasingly routine treatment method. IMRT can be delivered by use of conventional Multileaf Collimators (MLCs) and/or physical compensators. One of the most important factors in selecting an appropriate IMRT technique is integral dose. Integral dose is equal to the mean energy deposited in the total irradiated volume of the p...

the first integral method is an efficient method for obtaining exact solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations. this method can be applied to non integrable equations as well as to integrable ones. in this paper, the first integral method is used to construct exact solutions of the 2d ginzburg-landau equation.

in this work, we present a computational method for solving second kindnonlinear fredholm volterra integral equations which is based on the use ofhaar wavelets. these functions together with the collocation method are thenutilized to reduce the fredholm volterra integral equations to the solution ofalgebraic equations. finally, we also give some numerical examples that showsvalidity and applica...

in this paper, using the tools involving measures of noncompactness and darbo fixed point theorem forcondensing operator, we study the existence of solutions for a large class of generalized nonlinear quadraticfunctional integral equations. also, we show that solutions of these integral equations are locally attractive.furthermore, we present an example to show the efficiency and usefulness of ...

in this paper, we studied the numerical solution of nonlinear weakly singular volterra-fredholm integral equations by using the product integration method. also, we shall study the convergence behavior of a fully discrete version of a product integration method for numerical solution of the nonlinear volterra-fredholm integral equations. the reliability and efficiency of the proposed scheme are...

in this paper, the two-dimensional triangular orthogonal functions (2d-tfs) are applied for solving a class of nonlinear two-dimensional volterra integral equations. 2d-tfs method transforms these integral equations into a system of linear algebraic equations. the high accuracy of this method is verified through a numerical example and comparison of the results with the other numerical methods.

in this paper, an optimal adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode control is presented to control the robot manipulator position tracking in the presence of uncertainties and permanent magnet dc motor. in the proposed control, sliding surface of the sliding mode control is defined according to the information of position tracking error, derivatives, and error integral. in order to estimate bounds ...