introduction land use change and its effects on soils is one of the important factors that decrease soil quality. nowadays because of rapid growth of population, vast forest areas are changed into agricultural lands but chemical properties of the soils are commonly affected by changes in land usage.  converting the forest areas into agricultural lands is one of the prevalent issues in iran, esp...

The Cloud Ocean phenomenon in the Hyrcanian Forests, listed UNESCO World Heritage List, is one of most stunning yet lesser-known ecotourism destinations that has recently attracted attention adventure tours. However, increasing number ecotourists visiting these sites expected to threaten sensitive ecosystem sites. Therefore, this study aims conceptualize sustainable behaviors for off-road fores...

Forest operations often enhance runoff and soil loss in roads skid trails, where cut slopes fill are the most important source of sediment. This study evaluated effectiveness four erosion control treatments applied to slope segments forest different ages Hyrcanian northern Iran. The treatment combinations, each replicated three times, included classes mulch cover (bare [BS], wood chips [WCH], s...

Climate change has significant effects on forest ecosystems around the world. Since tree diameter increment determines volume and ultimately production, an accurate estimate of this variable under future climate is great importance for sustainable management. In study, we modeled current expected change, using multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks linear mixed-effect model in t...