G proteins couple delta opioid receptors to multiple cellular effector systems and are critical components of the delta opioid signal transduction cascade. To investigate the physical association of delta opioid receptors with G proteins, the cloned mouse delta opioid receptor was solubilized, and the G proteins associated with the receptor were identified through coimmunoprecipitation of the r...

Specific receptors for insulinlike growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) were found on cultured human myoblasts and myotubes. In contrast, myotubes but not myoblasts specifically bound insulin and were stimulated by nanomolar concentrations of insulin to take up deoxyglucose. In addition, in myoblasts, physiological concentrations of IGF-I and -II and, to a lesser extent, insulin stimulate...

•m6A is an endogenous adenosine A3 receptor ligand with higher potency than •Extracellular m6A mainly stems from ribosomal RNA and mRNA •Cytotoxic stimulation induces release via lysosome-mediated catabolism facilitates allergy inflammation About 150 post-transcriptional modifications have been identified in all kingdoms of life. During catabolism, most modified nucleosides are resistant to deg...

background: the kiss peptins and its receptor g protein coupled receptor (gpr54) or kiss1 receptor system are being described as key signaling molecules for reproductive function in animal models and humans. they play essential roles in regulation of the hypothalamic- pituitary- gonadal (hpg) axis and the onset of puberty and fertility. objective: this study was performed to delineate the assoc...

introduction: the hippocampus (hip), the primary brain structure related to learning and memory, receives sparse but comprehensive dopamine innervations and contains dopamine d1/d2-like receptors. it is demonstrated that dopamine receptors in dentate gyrus (dg) region of hip have a remarkable function in spatial reward processing. much less is known about the involvement of hip and its d1/d2 do...

Identification of the Anopheles gambiae leucokinin gene from the completed A. gambiae genome revealed that this insect species contains three leucokinin peptides, named Anopheles leucokinin I-III. These peptides are similar to those identified in two other mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Culex salinarius. Additionally, Anopheles leucokinin I displays sequence similarity to Drosophila melano...

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is important in skeletal growth and has been implicated in the maintenance of bone integrity. PTH stimulates bone resorption through the G protein-linked PTH/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor in osteoblasts. Using a heterogeneous nuclear RNA assay and Northern blot analysis, we showed that IGF-I inhibited expression of the gene for PTH/PTHrP receptor in a...