Abstract The shape of the heliosphere is currently under active debate. Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) offer best method for investigating global structure heliosphere. To date, Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) and Ion Neutral Camera (INCA) that was on board Cassini provide only ENA observations While extensive modeling has been done at IBEX-Hi energies (0.52–6 keV), no conducted INCA (5.2...

Abstract In 2009, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) discovered a narrow “ribbon” of energetic neutral atom emissions across sky with properties correlated solar wind latitudinal structure and interstellar magnetic field draped around heliosphere. It is widely believed that ribbon formed from escape heliospheric ENAs into local medium their eventual return as secondary ENAs. However, the...

BACKGROUND Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a clinical condition affecting eyes of domestic and wild Caprinae worldwide, and Mycoplasma conjunctivae is considered the primary causative agent of IKC in sheep, goats and wild Caprinae. Domestic ruminants from high mountain habitats share grazing areas with wild mountain ungulates, such as chamois (Rupicapra spp.), Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) ...

BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin E-mediated allergy to cow's milk protein represents a major problem for infants who are not breast fed. A search for substitute milks revealed a cross-allergenicity to milk derived from goat and sheep but not to milk from a mare. We noted that the cow, goat and sheep species are both artiodactyls and ruminants, defining them as kosher animals, in contrast to the mare. ...

In vitro fertilization (IVF) can be used to assess the fertilization capacity of sperm. Heterologous IVF may be useful when assessing that of wild animals as it is often difficult to obtain adequate numbers of naturally corresponding oocytes. The aim of the present study was to assess the fertilization capacity of frozen-thawed ibex epididymal spermatozoa via heterologous IVF involving the oocy...