BACKGROUND For prion diseases, even if a large body of evidence indicates that both the lymphoreticular system (LRS) and peripheral nerves are involved in scrapie neuroinvasion, the processes by which prions invade the central nervous system are only partially understood. METHODS Transgenic Tg(OvPrP4) mice, which express the ovine prion protein (PrP) gene under the rat neuron-specific enolase...

Interstitial cystitis (IC), often referred to in combination with painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bladder. Current therapies primarily focus on replenishing urothelial glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer using GAG analogs and managing pain with supportive therapies. However, the elusive etiology of IC and the lack of animal models to study the disease have been majo...

Abstract On-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits had been built in IC chips to protect the devices and circuits against ESD damage. But, ESD protection circuits constructed with the scaled-down CMOS devices are very weak to ESD stress. Therefore, novel ESD protection solutions must be developed to overcome this reliability challenge for integrated circuits fabricated in the na...

Abstract: Medan Aviation Polytechnic is one of the campuses under ministry transportation which has a major in telecommunication and air navigation engineering Indonesia. Based on field surveys, an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) practicum kit needed improve ability cadets. this background, study aims design simulate two ADC circuits, each compiled by integrated circuit (IC) ADC0804 IC ADC080...

Quantification of miRNAs in blood can be potentially used for early disease detection, surveillance monitoring and drug response evaluation. However, quantitative and robust measurement of miRNAs in blood is still a major challenge in large part due to their low concentration and complicated sample preparation processes typically required in conventional assays. Here, we present the 'Integrated...

ECG or Electrocardiograph is a tool to find out the electrical activity of heart in patients. Electrocardiogram (ECG) graphic result records potential resulting from by heartbeat, (Mervin J. Goldman, 1990). recording very useful know present certain hypertrophy, arrhythmia, pericarditis, for example potassium electrolyte disturbances. Tool this be named generator signal ECG. functioning produce...

This study was designed to investigate the influence of Gallid herpesvirus 2 Marek's Disease challenge virus and different inoculated routes of attenuated vaccine virus CVI988/Rispens on immune adhesion of erythrocytes in chickens. One day old chicks were randomly divided into a control group (C), an experimental group challenged with Jing-1 challenge strain (V), a second and third experimental...

Background and Purpose: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic disorders and bone marrow transplant recipients. Rapid, specific and sensitive test for the timely accuracy in immunocompromised patients to reduce mortality rates and prevent IC progress is necessary. We established a real-time PCR assay on blood for the diagnosis an...