Background; Pollution of drinking water and ice is one of the most serious ways of water borne diseases spread. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination of the ice produced by ice factories in Bandar Abbas. Methods; In this descriptive ,cross-sectional study samples were collected from seven ice factories in Bandar Abbas. Sampling was done by standard method.   ...

Ice abrasion tests were carried out to evaluate the wear resistance of a number of metallic coatings suggested for use on the Molikpaq in the ice zone during its deployment offshore of Sakhalin Island in the 1990’s. At this site, the structure would be exposed to actively drifting ice for about six months each year during which time the structure would be potentially exposed to extensive ice ab...

The deposition mode ice nucleation efficiency of various dust aerosols was investigated at cirrus cloud temperatures between 196 and 223 K using the aerosol and cloud chamber facility AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere). Arizona test dust (ATD) as a reference material and two dust samples from the Takla Makan desert in Asia (AD1) and the Sahara (SD2) were used for the expe...

Neuroblastomas frequently show spontaneous regression and differentiation, which may at least partly be regulated by signaling through nerve growth factor and its receptors, TRK-A and p75LNTR. We studied 52 neuroblastic tumors to test whether the cell death-related proteases, interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE), CPP32, and Ich-1, were involved in the regression of the tumors. High levels...

BACKGROUND Arterial puncture can be a painful procedure for many patients. This study investigates whether precooling of a puncture site with ice can reduce the pain associated with arterial puncture. METHODS This was a stratified randomized controlled trial of a convenience sample of out-patients with a physician order for an arterial blood gas (ABG) test. The intervention group had a plasti...

Long-wavelength SAR backscattering from glacier ice is of high relevance for glaciological applications since it contains information about both surface and subsurface structure of the ice. For this reason, SAR sensors can be used to discriminate and delineate the different glacier facies and to extract information on the ice density, which today can only be estimated on point basis. In this pa...

BACKGROUND Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which is highly prevalent in adult ice hockey players, is often associated with negative clinical and functional outcomes. It is unclear, however, whether FAI-related bony deformities and symptoms may lead to functional alterations as reflected in hip muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), and on-ice physical performance in youth ice hockey player...

We performed numerical simulations of impact crater formation on Europa to infer the thickness and structure of its ice shell. The simulations were performed using iSALE to test both the conductive ice shell over ocean and the conductive lid over warm convective ice scenarios for a variety of conditions. The modeled crater depth-diameter is strongly dependent on the thermal gradient and tempera...

BACKGROUND This study sought to test whether intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is superior to conventional monitoring in guiding device closure of interatrial communications (atrial septal defect [ASD] and patent foramen ovale [PFO]). METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-four patients undergoing device closure of ASD (n=6) or PFO (n=38) were randomized to have the procedure guided by either ICE (group...