The main goal in this research is to find out possible ways to built hybrid systems, based on neural network (NN) and hidden Markov (HMM) models, for the task of automatic speech recognition. The investigation that has been conducted covers different types of neural network and hidden Markov models, and the combination of them into some hybrid models. The neural networks used were basically MLP...

The internal and often iconic structure of the signs in a signed language (SL)—the rough equivalent of words in spoken languages—present interesting challenges for linguistic theory. Specifically, lexicalisation in SLs occurs when a signed unit acquires a clearly identifiable and replicable citation form which is regularly and strongly associated with a meaning. The meaning is unpredictable and...

A theory of idiomaticism is developed and illustrated using music for Bflat valve trumpet. Physical measures were collected from two trumpet performers and used to construct a computer model of the instrument/performer. Using this model, several works composed by both trumpet virtuosi and non-trumpet players were analyzed. A conceptual distinction is made between measures of performance difficu...

The rhetorical distinction between literal and metaphorical meanings and so semantic and discoursal opacity often associated with idioms is universal. But the format of idioms can stand out, and the means by which the expressions are formed, often drawing on the use of notable objects or events relevant to the native society concerned are often culture bound. These objects and events can often ...

Idioms, an indispensable part of English vocabulary acquisition, play an important role in second language learning. Mobile learning has broken through the constraints of time, space in learning. The present study explored the effectiveness of English idiom instructing and learning based on one form of mobile learning— SMS (Short Message Service). Compared with context-based approach and self-s...