The design of a protection and control (P&C) system must always be based on basic requirements of the power system. Increased functional integration has been a trend since long. The P&C products of today have the capability to integrate all functions for an object in one IED and to some extent even functionality for several objects. This development will continue and the necessary technology to...

As many roadmaps and studies were developed focusing on smart grid standardization a set of core standards was identified. Some of them specify own data models and thus, create a need for harmonization to enable interoperability in terms of communications. On the level of data model integration, two data models play key roles in the future smart grid. On the one hand the Common Information Mode...

As the power systems become more complex due to integration of renewables and increased transmission demands, monitoring fault disturbances becomes more important task. Manual analysis of faults and related impacts on the system due to protective relay miss-operation or unintended operation is not sufficient to restore the grid in a timely manner. Hence, an automated approach is required. This ...