This standard specifies the air interface of fixed broadband wireless access (BWA) systems supporting multimedia services. The medium access control layer (MAC) supports a primarily point-to-multipoint architecture, with an optional mesh topology. The MAC is structured to support multiple physical layer (PHY) specifications, each suited to a particular operational environment. For operational f...

In modern wireless communication systems, Doppler frequency reduction is employed for efficient transmission of data in noisy environments. Achieving a very less bit error rate (BER) has been the major task in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which is a popular multicarrier modulation technique in IEEE 802.11a wireless systems and is currently being used in the IEEE 802.16...

The distance relay is responsible for ensuring the protection and reliability of an electrical system. Some failures may occur due to inaccuracies in setting whether line parameters are not computed their entirety. Usually, literature does discuss influence weather conditions on cable temperature, which change impedance a line. Therefore, this work aims evaluate how current, ambient wind speed ...

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is able to achieve low power transmissions in low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area network (WPAN). The CSMA/CA algorithm is used for contention mechanism that collision and retransmission occur. If a collision occurs, CSMA/CA algorithm executes retransmission operation. So it’s very important to decrease retransmission count. In this paper, we propose a ...

There is a considerable interest nowadays in making wireless telecommunication more energy-efficient. The sleep-mode mechanism in WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) is one of such energy saving measures. Recently, Samsung proposed some modifications on the sleep-mode mechanism, scheduled to appear in the forthcoming IEEE 802.16m standard, aimed at minimizing the signaling overhead. In this work, we present a...

The Multichannel Operations IEEE 1609.4 is an emerging standard which support the co-existence of safety (CCH Channel) and non-safety (SCH Channel) message application in vehicular networks. This strictly concerns on the transmission slot synchronization of CCH/SCH based on Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) to achieve QoS requirements (i.e. to improve packet delivery ratio and re...

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard for LR-WPANs is becoming a de-facto standard for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications in industrial fields. In this paper, we evaluate the latency performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol based on a typical industrial scenario: a star network with 20 devices that send short messages (1 Byte) to the PAN coordinator. We analyzed the behavior of the GTS mechanis...

Kactus2 is based on IEEE 1685-2014 “IP-XACT” standard (“IEEE Standard for Ip-Xact, Standard Structure for Packaging, Integrating, and Reusing Ip Within Tool Flows” 2014), which defines an XML format for documents describing the components, designs and configurations. Ideally, this enables vendor independent integration between standard compatible tools. The IP-XACT standard is complex and versa...