(Macro)Autophagy is a phylogenetically conserved membrane-trafficking process that functions to deliver cytoplasmic cargoes to lysosomes for digestion. The process is a major mechanism for turnover of cellular constituents and is therefore critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Macroautophagy is characteristically distinct from other forms of autophagy due to the formation of double-mem...

The procedures for bone and bone marrow section preparation, immunostaining conditions and antibodies are described in Supplementary Methods. The procedure for BrdU pulse labeling, LTR and subsequent detection has been reported. The mice were fed BrdU (0.8 mg ml in water) for 10 days, during which time 40% of LT-HSCs would divide at least once. Seventy days after BrdU labelling, sections were s...

Reactive sinus histiocytosis of lymph nodes is a very common finding , and undoubtedly in many cases it is largely ignored, since it is often of little or no clinical importance. However, when this finding becomes prominent, it can result in a somewhat alarming appearance. The extreme end of this spectrum occurs in cases of reactive histiocytosis related to prior joint replacement surgery, whic...

Immunohistochemistry is a widely used technique for research and diagnostic purposes that relies on the recognition by antibodies of antigens expressed in tissues. However, tissue processing particularly formalin fixation affect conformation these through formation methylene bridges. Although antigen retrieval techniques can partially restore immunoreactivity, it difficult to identify recognize...