Previous studies demonstrate that the effects of one chemical stressor on selected immunological parameters can be predicted on the basis of the area under the corticosterone concentration vs. time curve. However, it is not clear if this is applicable to other chemical stressors. The present study was conducted to determine if the stress-induced immunological effects of atrazine and ethanol cou...

Productive T cell recognition of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is normally accompanied by the formation of a cell-cell contact called the "immunological synapse." Our understanding of the steps leading up to this formation has been limited by the absence of tools for analyzing 3D surfaces and surface distributions as they change over time. Here we use a 3D fluorescence quantitation method to ...

The area of contact between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC) is known as the immunological synapse. Although its exact function is unknown, one model suggests that it allows for T cell receptor (TCR) clustering and for sustained signaling in T cells for many hours. Here we demonstrate that TCR-mediated tyrosine kinase signaling in naïve T cells occurred primarily at the periphery o...

The coordination of T-cell migration and antigen recognition is crucial for an effective immune response. We have proposed that this coordination is achieved by formation of an immunological synapse between the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Our view contrasts with the serial encounter model also proposed in this issue of Trends in Immunology, which is based on transient T cell-A...

  Objective(s): According to the occupationally risk of infection in staff workers who have direct contact with mycobacterium species, we investigated their immunological parameters and compared with healthy purified protein derivative (PPD) negative volunteers.   Materials and Methods : We investigated 20 PPD positive volunteers working at Tuberculin Unit of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Ins...

We decided to investigate the immunological effects of C. parvum in an albogeneic murine tumor system. It was ex pected that C. parvum would have easily discernible adju vant effects that could be detected by in Vitro tests of cell mediated and humoral immunity. Instead, we found unex pectedly that at our dosage schedules C. parvum caused enhancement of tumor growth and a concomitant depres sio...

In this paper we investigate the efficiency of two immunological algorithms (CLONALG and opt-IA) in the evolution of Boolean functions suitable for use in cryptography. Although in its nature a combinatorial problem, we experiment with two representations of solutions, namely, the bitstring and the floating point based representation. The immunological algorithms are compared with two commonly ...

13 children with ataxia-telangiectasia were followed for 6 years. Unlike previously reported cases, these patients had progressive, debilitating neurological disease and slight pulmonary or infectious symptoms. Immunological dysfunction was variable and endocrinological defects were absent. Oculomotor findings, alpha-fetoprotein levels, and the incidence of chromosomal breakage were the most co...

Trade-offs between immune function and other physiological and behavioural processes are central in ecoimmunology, but one important problem is how to distinguish a reallocation of resources away from the immune system from a reallocation or redistribution within the immune system. While variation in baseline values of individual immune parameters is well established, studies in wild animals on...

We combine total internal reflection fluorescence structured illumination microscopy with spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy to quantify the flow velocities and directionality of filamentous-actin at the T cell immunological synapse. These techniques demonstrate it is possible to image retrograde flow of filamentous-actin at superresolution and provide flow quantification in the form...