Mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their applications in nanomedicine lead to the increased exposure risk of nanomaterials to human beings. Although reports on toxicity of nanomaterials are rapidly growing, there is still a lack of knowledge on the potential toxicity of such materials to immune systems. This article reviews some existing studies assessing carbon nanotubes' toxicity ...

Large-scale industrial production and global commercialization of Silica Nanoparticles in recent year had resulted increased risk human exposures. However, there is a lack knowledge on the health environmental effects such substances information their handling disposal also frequently incomplete. The current article, review, physicochemical properties different nanosized silica materials that c...

The prevention and control of peri-implantitis is a challenge in dental implant surgery. Dental implants with sustained antimicrobial coating are an ideal way of preventing peri-implantitis. This study reports development of a non- immunotoxicity multilayered coating on a titanium surface that had sustained antimicrobial activity and limited early biofilm formation. In this study, the broad spe...

Viral infections in animal models appear to be ideal systems for determining toxicity to the immune system by environmental substances. Since many viral infections that are utilized in animals produce systemic disease, these models provide an opportunity to evaluate the interaction between virus and components of host resistance. In these infections it is possible to delineate the role of antib...

Activation of lymphocytes can effectively produce a large amount of cytokines. The types of cytokines produced may depend on stimulating reagents and treatments. To find an optimal method to stimulate cytokine production and evaluate its effect on immunotoxicity assessments, the authors analyzed production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, RANTES and TGF-β in undiluted ra...

It is well established that human diseases associated with abnormal immune function, including some common infectious diseases and asthma, are considerably more prevalent at younger ages. Although not established absolutely, it is generally believed that development constitutes a period of increased immune system susceptibility to xenobiotics, since adverse effects may occur at lower doses and/...

BACKGROUND Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethytlamino-6-isopropylamine-1,3,5-triazine; ATR), is the most commonly applied broad-spectrum herbicide in the world. Unintentional overspray of ATR poses an immune function health hazard. The biomolecular mechanisms responsible for ATR-induced immunotoxicity, however, are little understood. This study presents on our investigation into the apoptosis of splenocy...

Worldwide, pyrethroid pesticides have been widely used in the control of agricultural pests and indoor pesticides, so they an important impact on human daily life. The acute toxicity studies gotten many achievements progress, but there is still no clear demonstration its long-term chronic effects. This review presented collection published experiments, population surveys laboratory tests effect...

With the recent publication of regulatory guidelines from both the FDA and the CPMP addressing the investigation of immunotoxicity of new chemical entities has come the requisite increased application of immunotoxicology protocols. Importantly, the fulfillment of these protocols may require the use of different species, and while in many cases information concerning the structure and function o...