Proteomics, the analysis of expressed proteins, has been an important developing area of research for the past two decades [Anderson, NG, Anderson, NL. Twenty years of two-dimensional electrophoresis: past, present and future. Electrophoresis 1996;17:443-453]. Advances in technology have led to a rapid increase in applications to a wide range of samples; from initial experiments using cell line...

Recent experimental results will be reviewed for the atomic (e,2e) ionisation process at incident energies in the 'low energy' region, from a few eV to about lO0eV above threshold. This region is particularly interesting because it embodies all the possible complexities that can be present in the electron-impact ionisation process, such as distortions, multiple scattering, correlations, postcol...

Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) is one of the potentially most powerful and versatile tools for the analysis of surface components at the monolayer level. Current improvements in detection limit (LOD) and molecular specificity rely on the optimisation of the desorption-ionisation (DI) process. As an alternative to monoatomic projectiles, polyatomic primary ion (P.I.) bombardment...

We present a new implicit numerical algorithm for the calculation of the time dependent non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium of a gas in an external radiation field that is accurate, fast and unconditionally stable for all spatial and temporal increments. The method is presented as a backward difference scheme in 1-D but can be readily generalised to 3-D. We apply the method for calculating the ...

We present a spectral analysis of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy I Zwicky 1, focusing on the characteristics of the ionised absorbers as observed with XMM-Newton in 2005. The soft X-ray spectrum shows absorption by two components of ionised gas with a similar column density (N H ∼ 10 21 cm −2) and ionisation parameters log ξ ∼ 0 and 2.5. Comparing this observation with a 2002 XMM-Newton data ...

This novel type of particle “cooling”, called Ionization Cooling, is applicable to slow ( ) ions stored in a small ring. The many traversals through a thin foil enhance the nuclear reaction probability, in a steady configuration in which ionisation losses are recovered at each turn by a RF-cavity. For a uniform target “foil”, typically few hundred v ≈ 0.1c μg cm thick, transverse betatron oscil...