The knowledge of the effective ion charge Zeff which indicates the degree of plasma pollution is of high interest, since the tolerable impurity concentration to achieve successful ignition of a fusion plasma is limited. The quantification of Zeff at ASDEX Upgrade has been carried out by means of Integrated Data Analysis in the framework of Bayesian Probability Theory which allows the combined a...

X-ray standing wave fields, excited in periodic nanostructured multilayers during Bragg diffraction, have been used to probe atomic migration in multilayers. Ion beam induced migration of Fe impurity atoms from the C layers to the Pt layers in a Pt(Fe)/C(Fe) multilayer, where each layer is about 2 nm thick, has been detected. With a depth resolution better than 0.2 nm of this technique, the dir...

In this work, the feasibility of employing Cyanex 923 as an extractant into the non-cerium REE (rare earth elements) impurity analysis of high-purity cerium oxide was investigated. Through investigations on the choice of the extraction medium, the optimium extraction acidity, matrix Ce4+ effect on the non-cerium REE ion extraction, the optimium extractant concentration and suitable extracting t...

The Enhanced Dα or EDA H-mode regime in Alcator C-Mod has been investigated and compared in detail to ELM-free plasmas. (In this paper, ELM-free will refer to discharges with no type I ELMs and with no sign of EDA, though technically, most EDA plasmas are ELM-free as well.) EDA discharges have only slightly lower energy confinement than comparable ELM-free ones, but show markedly reduced impuri...

Boron nitride ~BN! thin films ~containing mixed cBN/hBN phase! have been deposited on Si~100! substrates using neutralized nitrogen beam and electron beam evaporation of boron. All as-deposited BN films were p type with a room-temperature carrier concentration in the range of 5310 to 1310 cm. The Mg-doped BN films showed carrier concentrations in the range of 1.2 310 cm to 5.2310 cm when the Mg...

Purification of peptides is often the most difficult part of the process used to obtain the compounds [1]. Several methods are used for isolation and subsequent purification of the post-synthesis mixture. Depending on the properties of the peptide and the types of impurity, commonly used techniques are ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration [2,3]. The standard method for isolation is hi...

In a two-ion-species plasma with disparate ion masses, heavy ions tend to concentrate in the low-temperature region of collisionally magnetized and high-temperature unmagnetized plasma, respectively. Moreover, collisional magnetization can be determined as ratio light gyrofrequency collision frequency species, behavior this effect intermediate regime partially is predominantly dependent on Hall...

The aim of this study is to evaluate quantitatively the effectiveness ion exchange resins and activated carbon in tritium measurement. A standard water sample was adjusted a concentration 5 Bq L−1. This stirred with cation (PCH) anion (PAO) carbon. After stirring samples, supernatant each filtered through 0.45 µm membrane filters. electrical conductivity an experimental condition, where amounts...