BACKGROUND Climate and weather affect human health directly and indirectly. There is a renewed interest in various aspects of environmental health as our understanding of ongoing climate change improves. In particular, today, the health effects in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not well understood. Many computer models predict some of the biggest changes in places where people are...

In the present note, an alternative proof is supplied for Theorem 1 in [N. Elezović, C. Giordano and J. Pečarić, The best bounds in Gautschi’s inequality, Math. Inequal. Appl. 3 (2000), 239–252.].

A global three-dimensional (i.e. latitude, longitude, altitude) climatology of tropospheric ozone is derived from the ozone sounding record by trajectory mapping. Approximately 52 000 ozonesonde profiles from more than 100 stations worldwide since 1965 are used. The small number of stations results in a sparse geographical distribution. Here, forward and backward trajectory calculations are per...

We derive a multi-scale model of moist tropical dynamics which is valid on horizontal synoptic scales, zonal planetary scales, and synoptic and intraseasonal time scales. The Intraseasonal Multi-Scale Moist Dynamics (IMMD) framework builds on the IPESD framework of [A.J. Majda and R. Klein, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 393–408, 2003]. It generalizes the latter by allowing for strong zonal winds (the Tra...

[1] To investigate processes related to the interaction of topography and precipitation, a tropics-wide (±36 latitude) high resolution (0.1 ) ten year (1998–2007) rainfall climatology is presented from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) using algorithm 2A25 version 6 near-surface rain. We observe a tight coupling between precipitation and topography with dis...

A circular word, or a necklace, is an equivalence class under conjugation of a word. A fundamental question concerning regularities in standard words is bounding the number of distinct squares in a word of length n. The famous conjecture attributed to Fraenkel and Simpson is that there are at most n such distinct squares, yet the best known upper bound is 1.84n by Deza et al. [Discr. Appl. Math...

Z 2 in the limit L→∞, and study the time it takes two lineages tracing backward in time to coalesce. Our work fills a gap between the finite range migration case of [Ann. Appl. Probab. 15 (2005) 671–699] and the long range case of [Genetics 172 (2006) 701–708], where the migration range is a positive fraction of L. We obtain limit theorems for the intermediate case, and verify a conjecture in [...

Simplifications used in regional climate models decrease the accuracy of the regional climate models. To overcome this deficiency, usually a statistical technique of MOS is used to improve the skill of gridded outputs of the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. In this paper, an experimental synoptic-climatology based method has been used to calibrate, and decrease amount of errors in GFS...

A climatology of lightning ground flash density is examined for the Australian region based on 18 years of data. The dataset and methodology used are consistent with that of a previous study based on eight years of data. Lightning flash densities are obtained from two satellite instruments—the Lightning Imaging Sensor and the Optical Transient Detector. A climatological map of lightning ground ...