BACKGROUND The 1996 Guidelines for Preparation of Sterile Products in Pharmacies of the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists (CSHP) represent the current standard of practice for sterile compounding in Canada. However, these guidelines are practice recommendations, not enforceable standards. Previous surveys of sterile compounding practices have shown that actual practice deviates markedly ...

Polymeric nanocomposites (PNC) are binary mixtures of strongly interacting, inorganic platelets dispersed in a polymeric matrix. For full exfoliation, the thermodynamic miscibility is required. There are three basic methods of organically-modified clay dispersion that might result in PNC: (1) in polymer solution (followed by solvent removal), (2) in a monomer (followed by polymerization), and (...

A dissertation submitted to the University of Cambridge for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Summary In 3D freehand ultrasound, a position sensor is attached to a conventional ultrasound probe so that a set of 2D B-scans are acquired along with their relative locations. This allows the set of B-scans to be reconstructed into a regular 3D voxel array for visualisation and analysis. This thesi...

In general, the risk of complications such as heart attack, stroke and poor blood circulation increases as people age. Among HIV-positive people, the risk of these complications is heightened compared to HIV-negative people because of the long-term effects of HIV infection. Chronic viral infections can cause inflammation, and ongoing inflammation can affect the health of many organ-systems, inc...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost of preparing cytostatic drugs in the intravenous preparation unit in a hospital in Mexico. METHOD The annual cost of preparing cytostatic drugs based on the information of 92 days, considering the costs of drugs, the mixing service (including standard solution, quality control, services and waste) and salaries were estimated. The costs are estimated in Mexican p...

Morphological productivity (roughly: the readiness with which a word formation process forms new words) has long been one of the central mysteries of morphology. There are many detailed qualitative descriptions of word formation processes that list the restrictions for the possible bases for an affix (like the restriction that -able attaches to verbs in English) or the restrictions on a given c...

Ultrasound images are very noisy. Along with system noise, a significant noise source is the speckle phenomenon caused by interference in the viewed object. Most of the past approaches for denoising ultrasound images essentially blur the image and they do not handle attenuation. We discuss an approach that does not blur the image and handles attenuation. It is based on frequency compounding, in...

David W. Newton, BS, PhD, FAPhA Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Shenandoah University Winchester, Virginia Lawrence A. Trissel, BS, RPh, FASHP M.D. Anderson Cancer Center The University of Texas Houston, Texas Editor’s Note In January 2004, Chapter <797> in the United States Pharmacopeia 27 became the first practice standards for sterile pharmacy compounding in US history that may be enforce...

BACKGROUND When there is no authorized on- or in absence even no off-label treatment for patients with rare diseases, pharmacists have to compound medicinal products to meet the patients special needs. However it is important that there is evidence in the medical and/or pharmaceutical literature for such compounded medications. POSITION STATEMENT Pharmaceutical compounding must be performed i...

Exploring long-term implications of valuation leads us to recover and use a distorted probability measure that reflects the long-term implications for risk pricing. This measure is typically distinct from the physical and the risk neutral measures that are well known in mathematical finance. We apply a generalized version of Perron-Frobenius theory to construct this probability measure and pres...