Introduction: Response to tracheal tube during emergence of general anesthesia is a main concern. We aimed to compare the effect of Remifentanil and Lidocaine on response to tracheal tube during emergence of general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, we enrolled 80 consecutive patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I–II, who und...

rangelands have been composed of different plant species that emergence of phenological stages in every one of them will be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. in order to exploit the time and achieve acceptable performance in each plant species, it is necessary that the emergence of biological phenomena are recorded and studied. the objective of the present study is to survey the ...

While it has been observed (Hornby et al., 2001) that developmental encodings in evolved systems may promote modularity, there has been little quantitative study of this phenomenon. There has also been little study of the factors driving the emergence of hierarchical modularity modularity on multiple levels, in which the modules found at a finer-grained level can serve as elements in a coarser-...

Many approaches to analyzing online argumentation focus on explicit reasoning and overlook the creative emergence of new ideas. The value of a dialogic analytic framework including creative emergence was tested through applying it to the coding and analysis of undergraduate synchronous e-discussions using a graphical interface within the EU funded project ARGUNAUT. Qualitative analysis found th...

Did Meditating make us Human? Matt J. Rossano Abstract This paper proposes that campfire rituals of focused attention created Baldwiniantype selection pressure for enhanced working memory capacity among our Homo sapiens ancestors. This model is grounded in five propositions including: that the emergence of symbolism occurred late in the archaeological record, that this emergence was caused by a...

The re-emergence of the zoonotic importance of trichinellosis reminds us that this parasite's unique biological features serve it well in helping it to persist in the face of 150 years of efforts to eliminate it from the food chain. Because of Trichinella's re-emergence as an important public health risk, and the consequent stimulation of research, our knowledge of the parasite has grown, espec...

Complex traits can require the accumulation of multiple mutations that are individually deleterious. Their evolution requires a fitness valley to be crossed, which can take relatively long time spans. A new evolutionary mechanism is described that accelerates the emergence of complex phenotypes, based on a "division of labor" game and the occurrence of cheaters. If each intermediate mutation le...

Background Acinetobacter are gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase negative, nonmotile, non fermenting cocobacilli. The emergence of Acinetobacter infection is uncommon in organ systems that have a high fluid content. The nosocomial infections including, respiratory tract, CSF, peritoneal fluid, urinary tract, and endotracheal aspirtes (ET) are the place where they have the capabilities to ...

present study examines whether there is any beneficial effect of magnetized water application on seedling emergence of maize seeds. water from various sources like tap water, saline water (1,500 ppm), canal water, and sewerage water was treated magnetically by passing it through 235 mt magnetic fields at 3 lpm flow rate. seeds were soaked in water for 24 hours and planted in sand culture. numbe...