Elevated unemployment rates since 2008 have given firms a bargaining power advantage over their employees, allowing employers to reduce wage and compensation growth, including the scope and amount of pension contributions. This paper argues that a more equitable approach to employment relations can promote distributively just labor market outcomes and improve macroeconomic performance. A strong...

In this paper, the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the employment of different specialized categories including the total labor, unskilled workers, skilled workers, technicians, and engineers has been investigated. Independent variables include information presentation index, information acquisition index, number of the internet and computers users, value added, capi...

This paper provides new crosscountry evidence on the impact of cognitive skills, as measured by international achievement tests, on subsequent youth employment outcomes. High average scores are strongly associated with increases in school enrollment and reductions in the incidence of unemployment, with slightly stronger effects for women. Higher scores also correlate with a larger share of yout...

American Indians have experienced a large degree of difficulty in the labor market. They have lower levels of labor-force participation, higher levels of unemployment and lower wages than the rest of the population, which in turn leads to lower median household income and higher poverty rates. Despite the fact that these economic problems are particularly acute for Indians living on reservation...

In the past 5 years, there has been a significant rise in the number of trained and fully qualified specialists in intensive care medicine. Recent concerns about saturation of specialist employment opportunities and the prospect of new Fellows unable to find appropriate employment after completion of training has brought intensive care workforce issues to the forefront. The board members of the...

Effects of co-occurring disorders on work outcomes were explored among individuals with severe mental illness who were participating in a multisite randomized study of supported employment. At seven sites, 1,273 people were randomly assigned to an experimental supported employment program or a control condition and followed for 2 years. Multivariate regression analysis examined work outcomes in...

BACKGROUND Limited data are available on return to work and subsequent detachment from employment after admission for myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Using individual-level linkage of data from nationwide registries, we identified patients of working age (30-65 years) discharged after first-time MI in the period 1997 to 2012, who were employed before admission. To assess the c...

The persistently low employment rate among disabled individuals has been an enduring concern of governments across developed countries and has been the subject of a succession of policy initiatives, including labour market activation programmes, equality laws and welfare reform. A key indicator of progress is the trend in the disability-related employment gap, the percentage point difference be...

Theoretical models of self-employment posit that attitudes toward risk, entrepreneurial ability, and preferences for autonomy are central to the individual's decision between selfemployment and wage/salary work. None of the studies in the rapidly growing empirical literature on self-employment, however, have been able to test whether these factors are important determinants of self-employment. ...

Labor Market Assimilation and the Self-Employment Decision of Immigrant Entrepreneurs This paper uses data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Censuses to study labor market assimilation of self-employed immigrants. Separate earnings functions for the self-employed and wage/salary workers are estimated. To control for endogenous sorting into the sectors, models of the self-employment decision are estim...