Many modern hydrological models require data inputs provided by automated digital terrain analysis functions incorporated into GIS. These inputs include Ž elds representing surface  ow directions, up-slope contributing areas, and sub-catchment partitions. Existing raster-based terrain analysis tools, including both those in oŒ-the-shelf GIS packages and those in the recent literature, were des...

Analyzing single trial brain activity remains a challenging problem in the neurosciences. We gain purchase on this problem by focusing on globally synchronous fields in within-trial evoked brain activity, rather than on localized peaks in the trial-averaged evoked response (ER). We analyzed data from three measurement modalities, each with different spatial resolutions: magnetoencephalogram (ME...

The interaction of tidal currents with sea-floor topography results in the radiation of internal gravity waves into the ocean interior. These waves are called internal tides and their dissipation due to nonlinear wave breaking and concomitant threedimensional turbulence could play an important role in the mixing of the abyssal ocean, and hence in controlling the large-scale ocean circulation. A...

Laser polishing is a finishing process based on melting material, with the objective of improving surface topography. Some operating parameters must be taken into consideration, such as laser power, feed rate, offset, and overlapping. Moreover, because of its dependence on the primary process, the initial topography has also an impact on the final result. This study describes a quadratic model,...

The possibility of using topography in a state estimation context as a control parameter is explored in a linear barotropic shallow water model. Along with its adjoint, the model is used to systematically assess the influence of the depth field on the modeled circulation in a steady state. Sensitivity of the flow field to the topography is greater in a partially blocked zonal channel than in a ...

The corneal topographer is an indispensable tool and plays a critical role in the practice of refractive surgery. In corneal refractive surgery, corneal topography is used preoperatively to detect irregular astigmatism, ectatic corneal disorders, or other abnormalities, and to monitor topographic stability following discontinuation of contact lens wear. Postoperatively, it is used to monitor an...

The effect of topography on storm-track intensity is examined with a set of primitive equation model integrations. This effect is found to be crucially dependent on the latitudinal structure of the background flow impinging on the topography. If the background flow consists of a weak double jet, higher topography leads to an intensification of the storm track downstream of the topography, consi...

PURPOSE We propose a feasibility study of new corneal topography technology with the aim of monitoring intraoperative corneal topography during excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. The PAR system measures corneal topography with single grid projection and triangulation but requires fluorescent fluid to be deposited on the corneal surface for shape extraction. We propose and demonstrate a ...

We review the literature on the reaction of cells to their surrounding topography. The topography may be that of surrounding cells, intercellular materials or biomaterials. The reactions include cell orientation, rates of movement, and activations of the cells. We concentrate on those papers where quantitative measurements of the reactions have been made and largely ignore those on subjective i...