P r e s e n t l y t h e r e a r e v a r i o u s transnational crimes which are being committed by the people of the world generally and particularly under the influence of criminal organizations. Drug trafficking, money laundering, trafficking i n w o m e n a n d c h i l d r e n , i l l i c i t manufacturing of and trafficking in fire arms, acts of corruption, use of violence and extortion and ...

This paper demonstrates that increasing the expected sanctions for a crime may increase this crime’s prevalence, using a principal-agent model with different crimes. The intuition is that the policy change may increase the principal’s expected payoff from crime by decreasing the information rent required by the agent.

son In his article ‘‘Pas d’éponyme pour les médecins nazis’’, Dr. Halioua called for the separation of eponyms associated with Nazi physicians from the diseases which carry their names [1]. I would like to echo this appeal. In some cases the responsibility the named physician had for human rights abuses and war crimes has been made very clear, as in the case of Hans Reiter. In others the direct...

Few events give the opportunity to observe the full range of human behavior as wars do. In the case of civil wars in ethnically-mixed societies, the distribution of violence across various segments of the population can provide evidence on the extent and nature of discrimination. As in the case of markets, identifying discrimination in the warplace is challenging. There is uncertainty on the re...

The Nanking Massacre of 1937 frequently has been described as a forgotten genocidal act or "Holocaust." Concentrating on atrocity as reflected in Japanese popular historical writing for children and adolescents since the 1960s, this essay argues that such war crimes are far from ignored. Representations of the Nanking Massacre in particular, and of Japanese World War II atrocities in general, h...

Crime proliferation and insecurity represent a multidirectional broadband in social analysis. Crimes generally are outcome of carefully planned diligently executed mischief belligerent group against target. rarely capable sudden self-propagation. Indexes interest-based assaults one another the form terrorism, banditry, kidnapping communal/ethnic attacks scarcely manifest as entirely externallyi...

Given a distribution G over labeled bipartite (multi) graphs, G = (W; M; E) where jWj = jMj = n, let L(n) denote the size of the largest planar matching of G (here W and M are posets drawn on the plane as two ordered rows of nodes, an upper and a lower one, and a (w; m) edge is drawn as a straight line between w and m). The main focus of this work is to understand the asymptotic (in n) behavior...

The length is(w) of the longest increasing subsequence of a permutation w in the symmetric group Sn has been the object of much investigation. We develop comparable results for the length as(w) of the longest alternating subsequence of w, where a sequence a, b, c, d, . . . is alternating if a > b < c > d < · · · . For instance, the expected value (mean) of as(w) for w ∈ Sn is exactly (4n + 1)/6...

We investigate the probability distribution of the length of the second row of a Young diagram of size N equipped with Plancherel measure. We obtain an expression for the generating function of the distribution in terms of a derivative of an associated Fredholm determinant, which can then be used to show that as N → ∞ the distribution converges to the Tracy-Widom distribution [TW] for the secon...

The authors consider the length, lN , of the length of the longest increasing subsequence of a random permutation of N numbers. The main result in this paper is a proof that the distribution function for lN , suitably centered and scaled, converges to the Tracy-Widom distribution [TW1] of the largest eigenvalue of a random GUE matrix. The authors also prove convergence of moments. The proof is ...