Given an i.i.d. sequence of n letters from a finite alphabet, we consider the length of the longest run of any letter. In the equiprobable case, results for this run turn out to be closely related to the well-known results for the longest run of a given letter. For coin-tossing, tail probabilities are compared for both kinds of runs via Poisson approximation.

We present a novel OCR error correction method for languages without word delimiters that have a large character set, such as Japanese and Chinese. It consists of a statistical OCR model, an approximate word matching method using character shape similarity, and a word segmentation algorithm using a statistical language model. By using a statistical OCR model and character shape similarity, the ...

as a committed writer, najib al-kayl?ni was of the belief that works of art and literature should be used as a means to promote the islamic culture; thus, he regarded writing narratives, in a realistic style, as the need of the arab world and particularly the egyptian society. features which distinguish his works from those written by other writers are the religious hue and spirit of his storie...

Cardueline finches (Passeriformes: Fringillidae, Carduelinae) provide an example of unresolved species relationships despite decades of extensive study of the group. Existing morphological studies suffer from numerous cases of assumed parallel evolution due to a conflicting character distribution in different lineages. In this study, results of assumed parallel evolution due to a conflicting ch...

An unprecedented family of novel electron-donor acceptor conjugates based on fullerenes as electron acceptors, on one hand, and triphenyl amines as electron donors, on the other hand, have been synthesized and characterized in a variety of solvents using steady state absorption/emission as well as transient absorption spectroscopy. These are unprecedented in terms of their outcome of radical io...

maqamat of  badi al- zaman is the most valuble arab old works, that it could pay attention rapidly literary men and even public people, because of badi al- zaman be able to use with own rare creativity and intelligence for the first time  alot story elements such as characte, event, plot, scene, dialogue, realty-view. character and characterize is the basic story elements in maqamat and communi...

Social Sciences (IPS) is an instructive program that has materials Training from different disciplines of and Mankind (Schooling history) coordinated introduced logically mentally with the end goal instruction in view Pancasila Indonesian Culture. IPS too can be said to a fusion or various subjects social so friendly examinations use parts certain sciences. On fundamental level, training primar...

In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute all pairs optimized shortest paths in an unweighted and undirected graph with some additive error of at most 2.This algorithm can be extended for weighted graph also but it will not work for directed graph due to absence of commutative property. The algorithm runs in n) times, where n is the number of vertices in the graph. This algorithm is muc...