The federal role in education finance is commonly seen as compensatory. The federal government gives large sums of money to low-income schools and school districts through programs such as Title 1. Yet, this view of federal aid is based solely on direct educational expenditures. The federal government and state governments also support schools through tax deductions and tax credits for educatio...

A common objection to “sin taxes”—corrective taxes on goods like cigarettes, alcohol, and sugary drinks, which are believed to be over-consumed—is that they fall disproportionately on low-income consumers. This paper studies the interaction between corrective and redistributive motives in a general optimal taxation framework. On the one hand, redistributive concerns amplify the corrective benef...

Both theory and recent trends suggest some optimism for the future of environmentrelated taxes. While new research emphasizes the potentially significant distortions created by environmental taxes and appears to undermine the so-called "double dividend" theory, it also suggests that virtually any environmental policy, including regulations, taxes, and tradable permits, can compound existing dis...

Aim/Purpose: The tax structure and reforms that could give the optimal benefit is not always easy to determine, this responsible for different laws, structures are rather harmful economic growth. Therefore, study examines effect of direct indirect taxes on growth: evidence from Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: adopted Ex-Post Facto research design. Secondary data was collected Central Bank...

It is argued that from the viewpoint of efficiency, agriculture should not be taxed relative to other sectors, and neither should it be favored. Nevertheless, developing countries have traditionally taxed the agricultural sector while developed countries have protected it, and both have incurred efficiency losses. Based on Schiff and Valdes (1992), it was shown that the taxation of agriculture ...

The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 provided a substantial tax benefit to U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) in the form of a temporary 85 percent deduction for repatriated dividends. An unforeseen consequence of this tax holiday may have also been to induce firms to reallocate domestic corporate profits toward low-tax foreign subsidiaries for immediate repatriation and thereby escape hi...

Introduction The idea of the value added taxation (VAT) traces back to the writing by von Siemens, a German businessman, in the 1920s. Not until 1948, however, was the tax first applied in France. At the beginning, France applied the GNP-based VAT covering up to the manufacturing level and subsequently replaced it with a consumption VAT in 1954. Theory and practice indicate that to be efficient...

To investigate “Twin Deficit Challenge: An Evidence from Pakistan Economy” this study employed SAM 2010-11 for (Dorosh, Niazi, and Nazli, 2015). This used a static CGE model. The theoretical structure of the core model closely follows Lofgren et al. (2001) model, with an extension to incorporate commonly observed specifications developing country (Naqvi 2011). concludes that lag value budget de...