The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was found to catalyze the oxidation of indole by H(2)O(2), with generation of 2- and 3-oxoindole as the major products. This reaction occurred in the absence of O(2) and reducing agents and was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or hydroxyl radical scavengers, although it was strongly inhibited by L-Trp. The stoichiometry of the reaction indi...

Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated as a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis. This study demonstrated the effects of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-mediated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity on C. pneumoniae persistence in HEp-2 cells, inclusion morphology, and ultrastructure. C. pneumoniae replication showed a dose-dependent decrease when treated with increasing conc...

A simple and convenient assay for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase has been developed. This depends on the conversion of D-[ring-2-14C]tryptophan to [14C]formate, excess substrate is removed by adsorption onto charcoal. This assay, which is 20-fold more sensitive than previous procedures, is applicable both to crude extracts and to large numbers of samples. Activity in rat tissues is very much lower...

Abstract The analysis of metabolites in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection provides a snapshot the endogenous host metabolism and its role shaping interaction with SARS-CoV-2. In this study, using targeted metabolomics approach, metabolic signatures severity mortality were studied COVID-19 patients. Our revealed survival severity-associated shifts metabolome patients, where amino acids, particula...

BACKGROUND Intestinal homoeostasis is dependent on immunological tolerance to the microbiota. OBJECTIVE To (1) determine if a probiotic could induce Foxp3 T cells in humans; (2) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the induction of Foxp3 T cells by human dendritic cells. DESIGN Cytokine secretion and Foxp3 expression were assessed in human volunteers following Bifido...