Through magnetic linear dichroism spectroscopy, the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes has been extracted and found to be 2-4 times greater than values for semiconducting nanotubes. This large anisotropy can be understood in terms of large orbital paramagnetism of metallic nanotubes arising from the Aharonov-Bohm-phase-induced gap opening in a parallel...

Long-wavelength gravitational waves can induce significant temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background. Distinguishing this from anisotropy induced by energy density fluctuations is critical for testing inflationary cosmology and theories of large-scale structure formation. We describe full radiative transport calculations of the two contributions and show that they differ dramati...

In situ surface magneto-optical Kerr effect was used in conjunction with scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction to study the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin Fe films on a vicinal Mo~110! substrate. A uniaxial anisotropy with the easy axis of magnetization along the @001# direction was found for this system down to nearly 2 monolayers coverage, contradicting ...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new technique for row spacing measurement in a wire array using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor. The self-rectifying property of the GMR-based probes leads to accurately detection of the magnetic field fluctuations caused by surface-breaking cracks in conductive materials, shape-induced magnetic anisotropy, etc. The ability to manufacture probes h...

An attempt is made to summarize the different ways of modelling the anisotropy of a polycrystalline material. At the single crystal level, the formulation based on Schmid law or viscoplasticity shows clearly the microscopic anisotropy due to the hardening and the orientation changes. It is also shown how viscoplasticity leads to a unique slip system activity irrespectively of the rate sensitivi...

2014 While the existence of a phase transition at finite Tc is well admitted for Ising spin glasses in 3dimensions, recent theoretical studies have proposed that Tc is zero in Heisenberg spin glasses and that the finite Tc of real systems is induced by the anisotropy. To clear up this question, we analyse the influence of the anisotropy on the critical behaviour and the transition temperature o...

This communication reports strongly anisotropic wetting behavior on one-dimensional nanopatterned surfaces. Contact angles, degree of anisotropy, and droplet distortion are measured on micro- and nanopatterned surfaces fabricated with interference lithography. Both the degree of anisotropy and the droplet distortion are extremely high as compared with previous reports because of the well-define...

The preparation of CoZr nanostructure films to replicate the order of anodized aluminum oxide template with barrier layer was described. Coercivity and in-plane magnetic anisotropy were increased with the increase of oblique sputtering angle. Resonance frequency and damping factor had the same tendency also. Note that larger damping factor in nanostructure films was observed compared with that ...

Effects of heat treatment, with and without an external magnetic field, on the magnetic properties of Fe81B15Si4 amorphous specimens are investigated by Lorentz microscopy and electron holography. These observations are used to clarify the details of magnetizing processes in the specimens. It is found that heat-treatment with an external magnetic field increases the magnetic anisotropy, while t...

Circularly and linearly polarized radiation due to spatially indirect optical transitions is studied in semimagnetic (Zn,Mn)Se/BeTe and nonmagnetic ZnSe/BeTe quantum-well structures with a type-II band alignment. Because of the giant in-plane anisotropy of the optical matrix elements related to a particular interface, complete spin orientation of photocarriers induced by magnetic fields leads n...