Intraoperative cerebral aneurysmal re-bleeding has a deleterious effect that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Neurosurgeons and anesthesiologists should be familiar with all methods including hypothermia, cardiopulmonary bypass, pharmacologically-induced hypotension and cardiac standstill to manage intraoperative aneurysmal rupture or clip complex aneurysms. Specifically, adenos...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Induced arterial hypotension is an effective technique to decrease surgical bleeding. Clonidine is an a2-agonist with central action which was proven to be safe in anesthesia. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intravenous clonidine as the primary drug for induced arterial hypotension. METHODS Participated in this prospective double-blind study 36 patient...

When the sensory block level (SBL) is ≥T5 or T4, a high incidence of hypotension occurs in parturients after spinal anesthesia. A rapidly ascending SBL is another risk factor for spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. However, the relationship between the ascension rate of the SBL and spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension remains unclear.After placement in the left lateral position, combined ep...

Arterial hypotension stimulates increases in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and water intake in conscious dogs. We have previously reported that increasing left atrial but not right atrial pressure completely blocks the increase in plasma AVP and PRA induced by hypotension. The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of increasing right or left atria...

conclusions intrathecal midazolam 2 mg provides significantly longer and effective postoperative analgesia with no side effects. results postoperative analgesia was significantly longer in the midazolam group compared to the control group (201.5 minutes vs. 357.6 minutes). the mean onset times of the sensory and motor blocks were significantly faster (p < 0.01) in the midazolam group compared t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The goal of this study was to determine the alterations in contractile and dilatory responses and ultrastructure of the feline middle cerebral artery after hemorrhagic hypotension. METHODS In the sodium pentobarbital anesthetized cats, a steady 50 mm Hg level of hypotension was reached by bleeding into a reservoir and maintained at this level by further bleeding or auto...

Acute hypotension is an important complication of hemodialysis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Because hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia can trigger a sudden decrease in sympathetic activity resulting in bradycardia and vasodilation, we hypothesized that hemodialysis-induced hypovolemia also can trigger the same type of vasodepressor reaction, which would exacerbate the vo...

We evaluated the systemic hemodynamic effects induced by nociceptin (NC) and NC-related peptides, including the NC receptor antagonist [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]NC(1-13)NH2 ([F/G]NC(1-13)NH2) in unanesthetized normotensive Swiss Morini mice. Bolus intravenous injection of NC decreased mean blood pressure and heart rate. The hypotensive response to 10 nmol/kg NC lasted <10 minutes, whereas a more pro...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts vasodilation-induced hypotension as a major side effect for treatment of ischemic diseases. VEGF has 2 receptor tyrosine kinases, KDR and Flt-1. Little is known about which receptor mediates VEGF-induced hypotension. To elucidate the role of each receptor in mediating hypotension, KDR-selective and Flt-1-selective mutants were used for in vitro a...