The influence of carbon monoxide poisoning on the platinum and platinum /ruthenium anode in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS is a very useful method for the characterisation of fuel cells. Therefore, impedance measurements of the cell under constant load were performed at periodic time intervals. Due to the poisoning effect...

We study the reset dynamics of niobium (Nb) superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) using experimental measurements and numerical simulations. The numerical simulations of the detection dynamics agree well with experimental measurements, using independently determined parameters in the simulations. We find that if the photon-induced hotspot cools too slowly, the device will la...

Abstrac t The most commonly used thermometer to measure high temperatures in metallurgy is the thermocouple, but because of its long response time it can be used mainly for measuring time-averaged temperatures. Research on steel wire patenting using inductive heating required instantaneous temperature values. Pyrometers or thermographic cameras could be used, however they are generally expensiv...

This study aims to implement grammatical competence strategies (inductive, inductive, and interactive) in developing students' writing grammar their attitudes towards English as a foreign language. To achieve the purpose of study, researchers applied tools target sample second intermediate grade female students at Maysaloon Girls School two groups, Experimental control were used this study. The...

As an application of the inductive counting technique to a circuit-like model, we prove that complementation on nondeterministic branching programs can be done without increasing the width too much. A consequence of this result is that the class of languages recognized by a generalization of nonuniform nite automata (Barrington (1989)) to non-constant space is closed under complement.

This paper will attempt to illustrate the use of a kaleidoscope metaphor as a template for the organization and analysis of qualitative research data. It will provide a brief overview of the constant comparison method, examining such processes as categorization, comparison, inductive analysis, and refinement of data bits and categories. Graphic representations of our metaphoric kaleidoscope wil...

The design of high integrity, area efficient power distribution grids has become of practical importance as the portion of on-chip interconnect resources dedicated to power distribution networks in high performance integrated circuits has greatly increased. The inductive characteristics of several types of gridded power distribution networks are described in this paper. The inductance extractio...

This paper introduces an expressive class of indexed quotient-inductive types, called QWI within the framework constructive type theory. They are initial algebras for families equational theories with possibly infinitary operators and equations. We prove that types can be derived from quotient inductive in theory toposes natural number object universes, provided those universes satisfy Weakly I...