Bioassays are frequently used by plant pathologists for studies related to disease resistance. fungicides, nematicides, and biocontrol agents. Their use was perfected with the development of chemical control agents. Bioassays were standardized as a result of cooperation among individuals. committees, industry and professional societies. Bioassays for biocontrol of plant disease have not been ex...

Putting green summer stress management is of particular interested in the mid-Atlantic region and other areas in which turfgrass managers must maintain cool-season turfgrass in the area known as the transition-zone. In this region, golf course superintendents must be able to provide acceptable green speeds and turfgrass quality in the heat of the summer when growing conditions are suboptimal fo...

In the long run, this holistic approach to dealing with pests should reduce pesticide use, provide economic savings for the farmer and protect both the environment and human health. The term ‘integrated’ implies incorporation of natural enemy/antagonist levels into decision-making, and use of compatible, non-disruptive tactics that preserve these agents. Integration can be viewed as either vert...

In automation plants, the software that controls the behavior of a plant must adhere to strict process requirements arising from the technical processes and from the physical plant design. In current practice, the validation of the control software starts late in the engineering process – in many cases not before the plant is almost completely constructed, leading to increased efforts for corre...

Plant shutdowns shape industry productivity, the dynamics of employment, and industrial restructuring. Plant closures account for more than half of gross job destruction in US manufacturing. This paper examines the effects of firm structure on US manufacturing plant closures. Plants belonging to multi-plant firms and those owned by US multinationals are less likely to exit. However, the superio...

BACKGROUND The discovery and development of novel plant cell wall degrading enzymes is a key step towards more efficient depolymerization of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars for the production of liquid transportation biofuels and other bioproducts. The industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei is known to be highly cellulolytic and is a major industrial microbial source for commercial cellulas...

Survival of seeds in the seed bank is important for the population dynamics of many plant species, yet the environmental factors that control seed survival at a landscape level remain poorly understood. These factors may include soil moisture, vegetation cover, soil type, and soil pathogens. Because many soil fungi respond to moisture and host species, fungi may mediate environmental drivers of...

A discussion of the agronomic theory of placing plant nutrients in the root zone of ornamental trees and plants by high pressure hydraulic injection. Definite beneficial effects of deep root injection feeding by high pressure in jection of plant nutrients have been observed in tree and ornamental plant installation and main tenance. The response outperformed conventional surface applications of...

introduction: the development of an appropriate model for the quality control of an industrial wastewater treatment system can save the time as well as the cost. this study was performed to determine an appropriate model in order to predict the cod and tkn parameters by bod5 and nh4+ in the meybod industrial estate waste water treatment plant (wwtp). methods: this descriptive – analytical study...