background: the human body gets fluorine from a variety of sources including food and water. this element is essential in order to prevent tooth decay. however, high concentrations of this element led to a lot of dental fluorosis and skeletal injuries. this study aimed to measure the concentration of fluoride in water and tea consumed in the city of qom. methods: the present study is cross-sect...

background: rivers and streams are important sources of surface waters. water quality of these resources depends on many factors including hydrologic, physicochemical and biological factors. these resources are important in terms of social, economic and political development.. zayanderood river is the only river in central basin of iran that has permanent fresh water. this river has an importan...

The destruction of toxic organic wastewaters from munitions demilitarization and complex industrial chemical clearly becomes an overwhelming problem if left to conventional treatment processes. Two options, incineration and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), exist for the complete destruction of toxic organic wastewaters. Incinerator has associated problems such as very high cost and public ...

World has entered into a new era where sustainability is the main factor to encounter the challenges of depletion of our reserves and environmental upsets. Wastewater is not only one of the main causes of irreversible damages to the environmental balances but also contributing to the depletion of fresh water reserves at this planet, generating threats to the next generation. A lot of industrial...

The potential of industrial wastewater reuse in Jordan is discussed. Industrial water requirements, wastewater production, types of pollutants in industrial wastewater and the technologies for wastewater treatment have been evaluated. A total of thirty industries have been reviewed. The total effluent from the thirty industries reviewed estimated at approximately 10,200 mVd. Of this amount, app...

Textile waste water treatment for industrial reuse remains as a complicated problem due to several reasons. Among them are: 1) Higher levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) content of the waste water; 2) Non-biodegradable nature of organic dye stuffs present in the effluent. Thus, any adopted treatment system, especially with resp...

Jordan is extremely water-scarce with just 167 m3 per capita per year to meet domestic, industrial, agricultural, tourism, and environmental demands. The heavy exploitation of water resources has contributed to declines in the levels of aquifers and the Dead Sea. Rapid growth in demand, particularly for higher quality water for domestic, industrial, and tourism uses, is significantly increasing...

upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactors have been widely used for treatment of industrial wastewater. in this study, performance of a lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor, treating a chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater, was evaluated under different operating conditions. a (p.e) pipe with a diameter of 250 mm and total height of 120 cm and effective h...