The action of inert automorphisms on finite sets of periodic points of mixing subshifts of finite type is characterized in terms of the sign-gyrationcompatibility condition. The main technique used is variable length coding combined with a “nonnegative algebraic K-theory” formulation of state splitting and merging. One application gives a counterexample to the Finite Order Generation Conjecture...

NiCrMoY alloy powders were prepared using inert gas atomization by incorporation of rare earth elements, such as Mo, Nb, and Y into Ni60A powders, the coatings were sprayed by oxy-acetylene flame spray and then remelted with high-frequency induction. The morphologies, hollow particle ratio, particle-size distribution, apparent density, flowability, and the oxygen content of the NiCrMoY alloy po...

Studies in a murine model have shown that decompression stress triggers a progressive elevation in the number of circulating annexin V-coated microparticles derived from leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. We noted that some particles appeared to be larger than anticipated, and size continued to increase for ≥24 h postdecompression. These observations led to the hypothes...

ABSTRACT In this study, we elucidate the effect of different sonication techniques to efficiently prepare particle dispersions from selected non-functionalized NPs (Cu, Al, Mn, ZnO), and corresponding consequences on the particle dose, surface charge and release of metals. Probe sonication was shown to be the preferred method for dispersing non-inert, non-functionalized metal NPs (Cu, Mn, Al). ...

Materials and General Considerations. Unless noted otherwise, all manipulations of ruthenium complexes were carried out under an inert atmosphere using standard glovebox or Schlenk techniques. Toluene was distilled from sodium under argon. Demineralised water was distilled under nitrogen and degassed three times after distillation. Ruthenium alkylidenes 2 and 3 were supplied by Aldrich. NMR spe...

Mineral fillers can be defined as “inert materials included in a mix design for some useful purpose”. They can be added to compounds in order to complete a large variety of final properties without increasing costs or to improve specific characteristics like hardness, brittleness, impact strength, compressive strength, softening point, fire resistance, surface texture, electrical conductivity, ...

One "Quality by Design" approach is the focus on the variability of the properties of the active substance. This is crucially important for active substances that are obtained from natural resources such as herbal plant material and extracts. In this paper, we present various strategies for the development of herbal products especially taking into account the natural batch-to-batch variability ...

A high-fidelity DEM-CFD model is newly proposed for process intensification of packed bed reactors. The discrete element method (DEM) is employed for simulating random packing under gravity with hundreds of spheres in a cylindrical tube. It is verified that the DEM is capable of constituting a packed bed whose voidage well agrees with the literature according to particle-to-tube diameter ratio....

The ballast water treatment method consists of bubbling the inert gas via a row of pipes (orifices at the bottom of the pipes) located at the bottom of the tank, while maintaining a negative pressures of -2 psi at the ullage space. The inert gas from a standard shipboard inert gas generator is composed of 84% Nitrogen, 12-14% CO2 and 2% Oxygen. The ballast water will be equilibrated with gas fr...

The effect of an inert solid deposit on uniform CO2 corrosion of mild steel is modeled based on a mechanistic electrochemical CO2 corrosion model. Laboratory testing has shown that the dominant factors introduced by the inert solids deposit are related to surface coverage, where both anodic and cathodic reaction rates are decreased because of less active surface area being exposed. The inert so...