activated macrophages have been classified into classical (m1) and alternative (m2) macrophages. we aimed to establish a method to yield enough number of macrophages to analyze their molecular, biological and immunological functions. we used drugs; adjuvant albumin from chicken egg whites—imject alum (ova- alum) and ova complete freund adjuvant (ova-cfa), to induce macrophages to m2 and m1 resp...

Objective(s): Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by degradation of articular cartilage, is a leading cause of disability. As the only cell type present in cartilage, chondrocytes play curial roles in the progression of OA. In our study, we aimed to explore the roles of miR-23b in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury. Materials and Methods: LPS-induced cell injury of ATDC5 ce...

conclusions this study shows that an adequate nutritional support, in patients with severe burn injury, can improve sofa score. it is also more cost-effective, resulting in a shorter los in hospital. background severe burned patients developed metabolic imbalances and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs), which can lead to malnutrition, impaired immunologic response, multiple organ fa...

Itaconate is an immunoregulatory metabolite produced by myeloid cells and plays a key role in the regulation of immune response. Itaconate, on one hand, able to suppress activity succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), thereby making significant contribution metabolic reprogramming cell. On other itaconate can regulate number transcription factors regulators, affecting gene expression. In most experimen...

background: toll-like receptor (tlr)-mediated inflammatory processes are supposed to be involved in pathophysiology of spontaneous abortion and preterm labor. here, we investigated functional responses of human endometrial stromal cells (escs) and whole endometrial cells (wecs) to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and lipoteichoic acid (lta). methods: endometrial tissues were obtained from 15 cycling wo...

Oral mucosal diseases account for an increasing proportion of h?Man diseases. Among the many common risk factors that cause oral and systemic diseases, dietary factors, especially high sugar, are particularly prominent. Exhibiting therapeutic potential in treating certain inflammation-related platycodin D (PD) has been known to possess anti-inflammatory benefits cases cytokine-induced inflammat...

During Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection of C57BL/6 mice, an exceptionally large CD8+ T cell response to a protective epitope in the type III secretion system effector YopE is produced. At the peak of the response, up to 50% of splenic CD8+ T cells recognize the epitope YopE69-77. The features of the interaction between pathogen and host that result in this large CD8+ T cell response are un...

fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins, are mainly toxic and carcinogenic. the present study was carried out to evaluate fumonisin b1 (fb1) effects on the production of inflammatory cytokines by gastric and colon cell lines. the study was performed on two cell lines under in vitro condition, including gastric epithelial cell line (ags) and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (sw742). lipopolysacch...

The mast cell, located at mucosal surfaces and surrounding venules, is uniquely positioned to respond rapidly to insults to the host by mediating the development of a wide-ranging inflammatory response. Activaton of the mast cell releases preformed granule-associated chemical mediators and generates de novo biologically active materials. The properties of the mast cell mediators permit developm...

BACKGROUND Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are a unique subset of T lymphocytes and are considered to play an important role in the development of allergic bronchial asthma. Recently, iNKT cells were shown to play an immunoregulatory role in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Allergen-specific Th2 inflammatory responses are an important part of the adaptive im...