Many consumer products used in our daily lives result in inhalation exposure to a variety of chemicals, although the toxicities of the active ingredients are not well known; furthermore, simultaneous exposure to chemical mixtures occurs. Sodium metabisulfite (SM) and propylene glycol (PG) are used in a variety of products. Both the cytotoxicity and the sub-acute inhalation toxicity of each chem...

This eighty-seventh volume of IARC Monographs contains evaluations of inorganic and organic lead compounds. Lead salts and organic lead compounds were considered by the first IARC Monographs Working Groups (Volumes 1 and 2; IARC, 1972, 1973) and they have been reviewed in Volume 23 (IARC, 1980) and updated in Supplement 7 (IARC, 1987). Since 1987, new epidemiological and experimental studies ha...

A total of 33 surveys of amenity herbicides took place during 1998-1999. These surveys concentrated on two application methods: all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and controlled droplet applicators (CDAs). The purpose of these surveys was to measure surface deposition and potential inhalation exposure of the operators to the spray fluid used. This paper recommends that the following indicative values ...

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibers (CNF) are used increasingly in a broad array of commercial products. Given current understandings, the most significant life-cycle exposures to CNT/CNF occur from inhalation when they become airborne at different stages of their life cycle, including workplace, use, and disposal. Increasing awareness of the importance of physicochemical properties as determ...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicokinetics of 2-methylnaphtalene (2-MN) during and after inhalation exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to 2-MN vapours at nominal concentrations of 200 or 400 mg/m3 in the dynamic inhalation chamber for 6 hours or 5 days (6 h/day). Blood samples were collected during and after exposure. Blood concentrations of 2...

An Exposure System for Combined Administration of an Organic Solvent to Rodents by Inhalation and Water-Drinking and its Operational Performance: Hirokazu KANO, et al. Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association—In order to obtain bioassay data for carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of an organic solvent being absorbed into the body through multiple media by...

This study provides a quantitative assessment of inhalation exposure and deposited aerosol dose in the 14 nm to 20 μm particle size range based on the aerosol measurements conducted during realistic usage simulation of five nanotechnology-based and five regular spray products matching the nano-products by purpose of application. The products were also examined using transmission electron micros...

This study intends to calculate the lifetime cancer risks resulting from intakes of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water based on the presence of each THM species. The slope factors for each THM species are used, combined with exposure model and Monte Carlo simulations, to calculate the cancer risks with consideration of different exposure routes (oral ingestion, inhalation and dermal absor...